Tanto los israelitas, Cohanim y el sacerdote ungido (es decir, el sumo sacerdote) [son expiados por el niño enviado por las otras transgresiones (ver arriba), no hay diferencia entre ellos.] Es solo que la sangre de los perdones de buey para los Cohanim por la profanación del santuario y de sus objetos santificados. [es decir, lo que sea que el niño interior (de Yom Kippur) expia en nombre de los israelitas, es decir, suspender el juicio para los israelitas donde hay conciencia al principio pero no al final, y la profanación intencional del santuario y sus objetos— Del mismo modo, lo que sea que el niño externo expia (en nombre de los israelitas) —el becerro del sumo sacerdote se sacrificó en Yom Kippur expiando en nombre de los Cohanim.] R. Shimon dice: Así como la sangre del niño se presentó dentro de las expiaciones para Israel, así, la sangre del buey expia por Cohanim. Así como la confesión por el niño enviado expia a Israel, así la confesión por el buey expia a los Cohanim. [Es decir, usted admite que la sangre del niño interior expia a Israel sin confesión, ya que no hay confesión sobre el niño interior, sino sobre el niño expulsado— entonces la sangre del buey expia a los Cohanim, sin ninguna confesión, por la contaminación del santuario y sus objetos, dejando la confesión sobre el becerro (en lugar de la confesión sobre el niño expulsado) para expiar en nombre de los Cohanim para las otras transgresiones, y no tienen expiación a través del niño expulsado.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
אחד ישראל ואחד כהנים – this is what he said: [It effects atonement all the same] whether one is an Israelite or whether one is a Kohen or whether one is an anointed priest, the goat that is sent away atones in the rest of the sins and there is no distinction between them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
Introduction
Mishnah seven discusses differences between the atonement of Israelites and the atonement of priests.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
אלא שדם הפר מכפר על הכהנים על טומאת מקדש וקדשיו – all that the inner goat expiates for the Jewish people (i.e., non-Kohanim), meaning/it is identical with the suspense/doubt of the Israelites depend upon an awareness [of sin] at the beginning but there isn’t awareness at the end, and willful defilement of the Sanctuary and its Holy Things, and similarly the atonement of the outer goat, the bullock of the High Priest that is sacrificed on Yom Kippur which atones for the Kohanim.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
[The scapegoat] brings atonement to Israelites, priests, and the anointed high priest alike. What [then] is the difference between Israelites, priests, and the anointed high priest? [None], save that the bullock [offered on the Day of Atonement] brings atonement to the priests for transgressions of the laws of impurity in connection with the temple and holy food. The scapegoat mentioned in the previous mishnah atones for the transgression of all of the members of Israel, including the priests. The one difference between priests and regular Israelites is that priests are atoned for transgressions of the laws of impurity in connection with the temple and holy food by the sacrificial bullock, brought on Yom Kippur. This is learned from Leviticus 16:11, “Aaron shall then offer his bull of sin offering, to make expiation for himself and his household.” “His household” refers to all of the priesthood. However, except for this difference, there is not difference in the atonement process for priests and Israelites.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
Rabbi Shimon says: “Just as the blood of the goat that is offered within [the Holy of Holies] brings atonement for Israelites, so the blood of the bullock [offered on the Day of Atonement] brings atonement for priests; and just as the confession of sins pronounced over the scapegoat brings atonement for Israelites, so the confession pronounced over the bullock brings atonement for priests. Rabbi Shimon disagrees with the opinion in the previous mishnah. H learns this by means of an analogy. Israelites receive atonement for transgressions of the laws of impurity in connection with the temple and holy food by the sprinkling of the blood of the inner goat, without the confessional recited on the scapegoat. So too do priests receive atonement for transgressions of the laws of impurity in connection with the temple and holy food by the means of the blood of the sacrificial bullock without the confessional mentioned Leviticus 16:11. Therefore, we must ask, for what sin does the confessional bring atonement? According to Rabbi Shimon the confessional over the bullock acts for priests the same way that the confessional over the scapegoat acts for Israelites. Just as the confessional over the scapegoat brings atonement for all sins for Israelites, so too the confessional over the bullock brings atonement for all sins for priests. This is the disagreement between Rabbi Shimon and the opinion in section one: according to Rabbi Shimon priests receive atonement for most of their sins by the confession over the bullock, while according to the other Sages they receive atonement the same way other Israelites do, by the confession over the scapegoat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
רבי שמעון אומר כשם – that you admit regarding the blood of the inner goat that atones for the Israelites, an expiation without confession, for there is no confession regarding the inner goat, other than the goat which is sent away, so too, the blood of the bullock without any confession atones for the Kohanim on their defilement of the Sanctuary and its Holy Things, one adds for him his confessions of the bullock in place of the confession of the goat that is sent away to expiate for the Kohanim with the rest of the sins, for they have no atonement with the goat that is sent away.
