Comentario sobre Sheviit 2:4
מְזַהֲמִין אֶת הַנְּטִיעוֹת, וְכוֹרְכִין אוֹתָן, וְקוֹטְמִין אוֹתָן, וְעוֹשִׂין לָהֶן בָּתִּים, וּמַשְׁקִין אוֹתָן, עַד רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, אַף מַשְׁקֶה הוּא אֶת הַנּוֹף בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הָעִקָּר:
Uno puede aplicar un vendaje maloliente a los retoños, envolverlos, recortarlos, hacerles alojamiento y regarlos hasta Rosh Hashaná . El rabino Eliezer bar Tzadok dijo, incluso se puede regar la corona y las ramas durante el año sabático, pero no las raíces.
Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
מזהמין את הנטיעות (smear plants with rancid oil for keeping off vermin – or – covring a wound in a tree with dung and tie it up) – when the husk/skin of a tree falls off, they attach there manure to heal it in order that the tree won’t die. And there are those who explain [the word] מזהמין – that they smear/anoint the trees with something that its odor is bad in order that the worms will be chased away from the odor or that they would die.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
They may besmear saplings, wrap them around, and trim them, and they may make for them shelters and water them until Rosh Hashanah. The activities in this section are meant to protect the saplings and therefore they are permitted all the way up until Rosh Hashanah. Besmearing the saplings means to repair bark that is peeling. Another interpretation is that it refers to smearing oil on the trees in order to ward off bugs. Wrapping the trees is done in order to protect them. Trimming them is similar to those activities referred to in the previous mishnah, all of which were permitted up until Rosh Hashanah. The shelters are small structures to protect the saplings from the elements. The irrigation here refers to spraying or sprinkling them with water to keep them moist.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
וכורכין – there are those who explain it that they wrap something around the tee in the summer because of the heat and in the winter because of the cold. And there are those who explain it that they wrap the branches one with the other and tie them above at their tops so that they will not be sink to the ground.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
Rabbi Elazar bar Zadok says: he may even water the foliage on the sabbatical year, but not the roots. Rabbi Elazar bar Zadok says that he can water the foliage even on the sabbatical year, because that is just to keep them moist. However, he may not water the roots because it is the seventh year.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
וקוטמין אותן (cover them with powder) – there are those who explain to put powder on their roots, and the Aramaic Targum/translation of אפר is ashes/powder. And there are those who explain that they break their heads, like (Sukkah 29b): “their heads are lopped off/broken.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
ועושים להם בתלים – it is customary to make for the tree a fence a cubit around it and they will it with dust. And there are those who explain that they make for it a Sukkah from above to protect it from the heat or from the cold.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
על הנוף (on the boughs of the tree) – of the tree, but not upon the root so that he should not do in the Seventh Year in the manner that he does in the rest of the years. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer B’Rabbi Tzadok, but rather it is forbidden to water the tree in the Seventh Year, whether on the boughs or on the root.
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