Un asno sale con un paquete de silla de montar, [que se mantiene en él todo el día para mantenerlo caliente], cuando (ya) está atado a él en la víspera del sábado, [porque sabe que el asno lo necesita para calentarse, como dice la gente: "Un culo está frío incluso en verano" —para que no sea una carga. Pero está prohibido atar la silla de montar en el culo en Shabat. Porque es imposible atarlo excepto sujetándose contra su costado, lo que constituye el uso (prohibido) de un animal. Y si él transgredió y lo ató, puede que no salga con él.] Los machos salen con levuvin [cuero atado contra sus genitales para que no monten a las hembras.] Las ovejas salen shechuzoth, [que sostienen sus colas en alto para que los machos pueden montarlos], kevuloth, [que sujetan sus colas contra sus piernas para que los machos no los monten], y kevunoth [atarían una tela alrededor de los corderos el día en que nacieron para que su lana no se ensuciara. ] Las cabras salen [con sus ubres] atadas, [a veces, para secar su leche presionándolas a la fuerza; a veces, atado como un "bolsillo", para que la leche no caiga al suelo y se pierda.] R. Yossi lo prohíbe con todo, [considerándolos como cargas], excepto con los corderos kevunoth, [en cuyo caso, mantener su lana se ensucia, es como un adorno]. R. Yehudah dice: Las cabras salen atadas para secar (de la leche), pero no para (atrapar) la leche. [R. Yehudah sostiene con el primer tanna, que no es una carga. Para el secado, no hay razón para decretarlo para que no se caiga y él venga a cargarlo, pero para (atrapar) la leche, donde no está bien apretada, está prohibido. Tememos que pueda caerse y que él venga a cargarlo. La halajá está de acuerdo con la primera tanna].
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
מרדעת – a kind of small saddle and we place it on the donkey all day long in order that the donkey can be kept warm.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
This mishnah is a continuation of yesterday’s mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
בזמן שהיא קשורה לו – from the Eve of the Sabbath (i.e., Friday) that he reveals his opinion that the donkey needs it to warm it up as people say that a donkey, even in the season of Tammuz (i.e., the middle of the summer) is cold for it, and it is not a burden but to tie/attach a cushion/pack-saddle on the donkey is prohibited because it is impossible to tie it on him other than if he supports it on the side of the animal and it is found that a living creature is being used and if he transgressed and tied it on, it is prohibited to go out with it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
A donkey may go out with its saddle-cloth if it is tied to it. If the saddle is put on the donkey before Shabbat, the donkey may go out on Shabbat with it on its back and it is not considered carrying but rather “wearing” which is permitted on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
לבובין – with leather that is we tie them up corresponding to their male genitalia so that they will not go up on the females.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Rams may go out with hides tied to them. Some explain that these hides were put on the rams’ chests to protect them. Others explain that they were put on their genitals, also for protection.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
שחוזות – that grasps their tails tied upwards so that the males will come upon them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Ewes may go out with their tails tied up, tied down, or covered. If the ewe’s tail was tied up, that is so males can mount them. If the tail was tied down it was so males could not mount them (there has to be some humor in this, but I won’t be the one to try). The tail was covered for general protection.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
כבולות – they chain up their tails and tie them with their legs in order that the males will not come upon them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Goats may go out [with their udders] tied up. The goats’ udders were sometimes covered up in order to dry them up and sometimes covered up in order to preserve their milk.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
כבונות – they tie a cloth around the lambs during the day to protect their wool so that it not become soiled.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Rabbi Yose forbids in all these cases, save ewes that are covered. Rabbi Yose forbids all of the above cases except covering the ewes because all of the rest of them are for human benefit and not for the benefit of the animal. If the covering was for human benefit then the animal may not go out with that covering on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
צרורות – their breast nipples are tied up sometimes to dry up the milk when they squeeze them with strength and sometimes they tie a pocket on their nipples so that the milk will not drip to the ground and be lost.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Rabbi Judah says: goats may go out [with their udders] tied in order to dry them up, but not to save their milk. Rabbi Judah is slightly more lenient than Rabbi Yose but less so than the first opinion. He adds that goats’ udders may be tied up in order to dry them up because that is for the sake of the animal. However, if the intent is to preserve their milk, that is for the sake of the goats’ owners and it is therefore considered carrying on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ר' יוסי אומר בכולן – that is a burden.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
חוץ מן הכבונות - which is protection for their wool so that it will not be soiled and it is an ornament/decoration.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
יוצאות צרורורת ליבש – Rabbi Yehudah holds like the first teacher [of the Mishnah] that it is not a burden; however, to [keep them] dry which is fastened better one cannot make this decree lest it miscarry which it comes to include, but for milk where it is not fastened well, it is forbidden and we suspect lest it miscarry which it comes to include. And the Halakha is according to the first teacher [of the Mishnah].
