La (carne de) la ofrenda de Pesaj se baja al horno (en la víspera del sábado) antes del anochecer. [Las bocas de sus hornos estaban arriba, y bajaban el asado dentro de ellos. Y aunque normalmente esto no se hace, como se indicó anteriormente, aquí está permitido, ya que los hombres de la compañía (que comparten la ofrenda) son celosos y se recuerdan entre sí, para que no vengan a remover las brasas.] Y el el fuego de la pila de leña del beth hamoked puede ser alimentado [un poco, sin temor a que los Cohanim puedan salir a encenderlo después del anochecer, porque Cohanim es celoso. ("beth-hamoked" :) había una gran celda en la azarah (la corte del templo), donde una pila de leña se mantenía encendida constantemente. Y los Cohanim se calentarían allí, ya que caminaron descalzos sobre un piso de mármol.] Y en las fronteras (es decir, fuera del Templo), hasta que el fuego se prendió en su mayor parte. [Uno debe encender su pila de leña mientras todavía hay suficiente tiempo antes de que oscurezca para que el fuego se enganche en la mayor parte. ¿Cuanto es eso? Tanto como se necesita para que la llama ascienda por sí misma sin la ayuda de chips en su base.] R. Yehudah dice: Con carbón, cualquier cantidad (es suficiente). [Al igual que con la pila de leña de los beth-hamoked, la clemencia se ejercía con los Cohanim, de la misma manera, con un fuego alimentado con carbón, la clemencia se ejerce con todos los hombres. El fuego necesita prenderse ligeramente, ya que no tiende a apagarse, y él no vendrá a remover las brasas. La halajá está de acuerdo con R. Yehudah, ya que no hay nadie que difiera con él.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
משלשלין את הפסוח – their ovens have their mouths above and they lower the roasted [Passover offering] into it, and for that reason, it [i.e., the Mishnah] teaches, משלשלין /they lower/let down.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction This mishnah continues to discuss lighting fires in ovens on Friday so that they will stay lit over Shabbat. Since the prohibition of putting something into an oven on Friday was only “derabbanan”—of rabbinic origin—and intended to prevent a person from committing a transgression of biblical law, there are cases where this prohibition may be suspended. This is generally the case with rabbinic law—it is more flexible than toraitic law.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
עם חשיכה – and even though generally, we do not roast it, as we have stated, here it is permitted, for the members of the group are zealous and they remind each other [that today is Shabbat] and they don’t come to stir the coals.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
The passover sacrifice may be lowered into the oven just before nightfall; In yesterday’s mishnah we learned that one is not allowed to put meat into an oven on Friday unless it will already be cooked before Shabbat begins. Today’s mishnah relates an exception to this rule: the Passover sacrifice. The reason that one is not allowed to put meat into an oven is that we are concerned lest on Shabbat itself she come to rake the coals in order to speed up the cooking, which is prohibited on Shabbat. However, in this case, since people eat the passover sacrifice in a group setting, we are not concerned that one of them will rake the coals, because others will stop her. These people are engaged in fulfilling a commandment and it is unlikely that they would transgress a commandment at this time. In addition, because of the quantity of people who had to sacrifice their passover sacrifices, not everybody could roast theirs before the Shabbat began. Hence the usual restrictions did not apply.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ומאחיזין את האור – [they ignite with kindling wood] a bit, with the pile of wood of the House of the Hearth (see Mishnah Tamid, Chapter 1, Mishnah 12), and we don’t suspect lest the Kohanim will come to start a fire once it gets dark, since the Kohanim are zealous.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
And the fire may be lighted in the fireplace of the Chamber of the Hearth. The Chamber of the Hearth was where the fire was kept constantly lit in the Temple. The priests would gather around there to keep warm. Hence, they could add to the fire there on Friday without fear that someone would stoke the fire, since the priests would make sure that would not happen.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
בית המוקד – a large chamber in the [Temple] courtyard where they would always start a fire with wood and the Kohanim would warm themselves there, since they walk barefoot on the alabaster floor.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
But in the provinces there must be time for the fire to take hold of its greater part. Outside of the Temple it is forbidden to light a fire on Friday unless it the fire has time to take hold before the Shabbat. Small fires need to be stoked, and therefore the fire must be fully lit before Shabbat begins.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ובגבולין – a person needs to start a fire with his wood while it is still daylight (i.e., on Friday), in order that it catches the majority of the wood, and that the flame will go up on its own and does not need thin chips underneath it to flame the fire.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Rabbi Judah says: in the case of charcoal, just a little [is sufficient]. Rabbi Judah adds in a leniency concerning lighting coals on Friday. Once coals are lit, they will stay lit and therefore there is little fear that he will stoke them. Hence it is permitted to light them on Friday afternoon as long as they will be at least a little bit lit before Shabbat begins.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
אף בפחמים כל שהוא – just as in the fire of the House of the Hearth, we are lenient in the House of the Hearth for the Kohanim, similarly, in a fire of charcoals, we are lenient for all people, and there is no need for anything other than any quantity that catches fire, for it is not accustomed to be extinguished and it continues and no one comes to stir it. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda for there is no one who disputes him.
