(Deuteronomio 13:16): "Herirás, herirás, etc." Una caravana de burros o camellos que pasa de un lugar a otro la rescata. [(Los miembros de) una caravana de burros o camellos que permanecen en una ciudad treinta días se cuentan entre los habitantes de la ciudad. [("lo rescatan" :) Si la mayoría de la ciudad fue incitada a la idolatría, y una minoría no, y los miembros de la caravana que no fueron incitados hacen que la minoría sea una mayoría, ellos "rescatan" la ciudad de la pérdida de propiedad , haciendo que sean juzgados como individuos. Asimismo, pueden hacer que la ciudad sea juzgada como condenada si se les incita a formar una mayoría, pero la tanna "persigue el mérito". Además, es más probable que los miembros de la caravana tiendan a no estar tan cerca de la gente de la ciudad como para ser incitados junto con ellos.] (Ibid.): "Destrozalo, y todo lo que hay en él, etc. . ": De aquí se deriva que la propiedad de los justos dentro de ella se destruye; (la propiedad del justo) afuera se escapa. Y (la propiedad) de los impíos, ya sea dentro o fuera de ella, es destruida.
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
החמרת והגמלת – a caravan of donkeys and of camels that were delayed in the city for thirty days, they are included in those who are the dwellers of their city.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
Introduction
Mishnah five (and mishnah six) contain midrashim, exegeses, on the verses in Deuteronomy that discuss the city seduced into idol worship. The structure of these mishnayoth is to quote a verse and then bring a law that is derived from that verse.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
הרי אלו מצילין – If most of the people of the city were led astray and a minority were not led astray, and [a caravan of] ass- and camel-drivers which were not led astray overturned the minority to become a majority, they save [the city] – thus the property is spared, and [the sinners] are judged as individuals. And the same is true that [a caravan] may cause [a city] to be rendered as an Apostate City if they were subverted with them to form a majority, however, the tanna is searching for [scenarios of] acquittal. Furthermore, [the tanna considered] this [scenario] more decisive, as typically, a caravan of ass- and camel-drivers is not well disposed towards the people of the city to be led astray with them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
“You shall surely smite the inhabitants of that city with the edge of the sword” (Deut. 13:16): a company of donkey-drivers or camel-drivers passing from place to place saves the city. The verse states that you must smite the inhabitants of the city. If, however, there are people living in the city who are not permanent inhabitants, such as donkey or camel drivers, they are not counted as part of the city in order to add up to the majority needed for the city to be declared a “seduced city”. Occasionally they may save the city from being doomed.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
“Doom it and all that is in it” (ibid.): From here they said that the property of the righteous, which is within [the city] is destroyed, but that which is outside of the city is saved, while that of the wicked, whether in or outside of the city, is destroyed. From the words “and all that is in it” the Rabbis learn that even the property of the righteous is to be destroyed. However, from the words “doom it”, the Rabbis understand that the Torah is limiting that which is destroyed. The property which belongs to the righteous that is outside of the city is therefore not destroyed. However, the property of the wicked is destroyed whether or not it is in the city itself.
