Si uno le dijo a su fiador: Ve y mata al Pesaj por mí. —si él mató a un niño, él [el maestro] puede comerlo [aunque en todos los otros festivales estaba acostumbrado a usar un cordero. Como no especificó, (se supone que) confía en él.]; si sacrificó un cordero, puede comerlo. Si él mató a un niño y un cordero, él come del primero [y quema el segundo. La gemara interpreta que esto se aplica solo al rey y la reina—algunos dicen (que la razón de que coman primero, etc.) es el fomento de la paz en el reino; otros, porque confían en sus esclavos y no son particulares en cuanto a si comen niños o corderos. Por lo tanto, al no ser particulares, comen del primero, cumpliendo la obligación con el mismo. Pero los hombres en general, que son particulares, no pueden comer ni del primero ni del segundo, la regla es que no se puede contar con dos Pesachim al mismo tiempo para comer de lo que quiera. Porque no hay breirah (discriminación retroactiva), de modo que cuando desea comer de la misma, tenemos la reserva de que tal vez al momento del sacrificio no tenía la intención de esa.] Si olvidaba lo que su maestro le había dicho [ es decir, le dijo "cabrito" o "cordero", pero olvidó cuál], ¿qué hace? Él mata al cordero y al niño y dice: "Si mi maestro dijo 'niño', el niño es suyo y el cordero es mío; y si mi maestro dijo 'cordero', el cordero es suyo y el niño es mío". [La gemara interpreta esto como una instancia de haber ido a un pastor que era familiar de su amo y quien, deseando su enmienda (de la maestra), le dijo a él (la sirvienta): "Si su maestro dijo 'niño', el niño es suyo y el cordero es suyo a condición de que su amo no tenga derechos en él ", en cuyo caso el fiador lo adquiere. Si no es así, el maestro adquiere todo lo que adquiere el siervo, de modo que ambos serían de su amo.] Si su maestro olvida lo que le había dicho, ambos (niño y cordero) se queman, y ellos (el maestro y el siervo) ) no tienen obligación de Pesach sheni. [Porque aunque ambos se queman y no se comen porque los enumerados para ellos no pueden ser discriminados, aun así, la matanza y la aspersión fueron válidas, una (animal) por una; el otro para el otro— como manifiesto al cielo.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
שחט גדי יאכל – his master [should eat] from him [the kid] and even though all of the other Passover offerings are regular, the frequent is nullified since he didn’t express to him that he relied on it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
A pesah can be either a kid (a goat) or a lamb (a sheep) (see Exodus 12:5). This mishnah deals with a slave who slaughters a pesah on behalf of his master, who may or not have cared whether the pesah was a kid or a lamb. The mishnah resolves how to deal with potential confusions.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
יאכל מן הראשון – and the second one should be burned. And in the Gemara (Pesahim 88b) maintains that this is specifically with a king and a queen; there are those who say that it is because of the peace of the kingdom, and there are those who say that because they rely on their servants and they are not exacting about their [Passover] meal, whether with kids or lambs. Therefore, he should eat from the first, since there is no intimation that you care for a thing to be exactly as you want it, for with the first, they have fulfilled their religious obligations. But the people of the world that are particular, he should not either from the first nor the second, for we hold that they are not registered with two Passover offerings as one, to eat from whichever of them that he wants, for there is no retrospective designation. For when he wanted to eat from this one, perhaps at the time of slaughtering, mind was not upon it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
One who says to his slave, “Go out and slaughter the pesah on my behalf”, if he slaughtered a kid, he may eat it; if he slaughtered a lamb, he may eat it; if he slaughtered a kid and a lamb, he eats the first. In this case his master did not tell him what type of animal, a kid (a goat) or a lamb (sheep), to slaughter for his pesah. Therefore, the slave may slaughter either of them, even though he knows that his master generally prefers one type or the other, or perhaps generally makes his pesah from a certain type and not the other. If the slave slaughters both a kid and a lamb the first counts as the master’s pesah, whichever that one may be, and the second does not.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
שכח מה שאמר – that he expressed to him a kid or a lamb.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
If he forgot what his master told him, how should he act? He should slaughter a lamb and a kid and declare, “If my master told me [to slaughter] a kid, the kid is his and the lamb is mine; and if my master told me [to slaughter] a lamb, the lamb is his and the kid is mine.” In this case the master did tell him which animal to slaughter but the slave forgot. The solution is for the slave to make stipulations when he slaughters both animals. He slaughters them both and makes a stipulation that if the lamb is what his master wanted, then the lamb is the master’s pesah and the goat is his and vice versa.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וטלה שלי – In the Gemara (Pesahim 88b) maintains it such as the case where the servant when to the shepherd where his master is accustomed and who wants his remedy (i.e., that things go right for the master), and he (i.e., the shepherd) said to him: “If it is a kid,” your master would tell you that the kid is his and that the lam is your on the condition that your master will not have possession of it,” and in such a manner, the servant acquires itr, for it had not been like this, what the servant acquired, the master acquired and it would be that both of them belong to the master.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
If his master [also] forgot what he told him, both animals go to the place of burning, but they [the master and the slave] are exempt from sacrificing the second pesah. In this case when the slave returns to the master it turns out that even the master has forgotten what he told his slave to do. The stipulation will not avail because the master doesn’t know which is his and which the slave’s is. Therefore, neither animal can be eaten; both must be burned. However, the mishnah states that neither the slave nor the master has to offer a second pesah a month later because when the blood was sprinkled upon the altar, the master still knew which one was his (assuming that this is true). He only forgot later when the slave returned with the two slaughtered animals.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ופטורים מלעשות פסח שני – and even though both of them go out to the place of burning and are not eaten because their registration was not known. However, the slaughtering and sprinkling [of the blood] are valid, one for this one and one for the other one, for before Heaven it is revealed.
