Comentario sobre Peah 7:3
אֵיזֶהוּ פֶרֶט, הַנּוֹשֵׁר בִּשְׁעַת הַבְּצִירָה. הָיָה בוֹצֵר, עָקַץ אֶת הָאֶשְׁכּוֹל, הֻסְבַּךְ בֶּעָלִים, נָפַל מִיָּדוֹ לָאָרֶץ וְנִפְרַט, הֲרֵי הוּא שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבָּיִת. הַמַּנִּיחַ אֶת הַכַּלְכָּלָה תַּחַת הַגֶּפֶן בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא בוֹצֵר, הֲרֵי זֶה גּוֹזֵל אֶת הָעֲנִיִּים, עַל זֶה נֶאֱמַר (משלי כב) אַל תַּסֵּג גְּבוּל עוֹלִים:
¿Cuál es peret ? Lo que cae en el momento de la vendimia. Si uno estaba cosechando uvas, y el racimo lo picaba o estaba enredado en hojas, y [las uvas] caían de su mano a la tierra y se separaban en uvas individuales, esto pertenece al dueño de la propiedad. Si uno deja una canasta debajo de la vid, en el momento en que cosecha uvas, está robando a los pobres. Con respecto a esto, se dice: "No retiren la frontera de aquellos que suben [a espigar]". (Proverbios 22:28)
Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
איזהו פרט – that is mentioned in the Torah (Leviticus 19:10): “or gather the fallen fruit of your vineyard.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
Introduction
Our mishnah defines peret, a word found in Leviticus 19:10, “The peret of your vineyard you shall not gather, for the poor and the stranger you shall leave them.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
עקץ – sever/cut [by the stalk].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
What is peret? [Grapes] which fall down during the harvesting. Peret is a grape or a few grapes that fall to the ground when being harvested. Once the grapes hit the ground they belong to the poor.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
הוסבך בעלים – it became tied and caught in the trees, and through this fell and was separated into single grapes.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
If while he was harvesting [the grapes], he cut off an entire cluster by its stalk, and it got tangled up in the [grape] leaves, and then it fell from his hand to the ground and the single berries were separated, it belongs to the owner. In this case an entire cluster is cut off by its stalk and then it gets tangled up in the leaves, falls to the ground and the grapes split off from the cluster. These grapes are not considered peret because they didn’t separate from the cluster and fall to the ground as a direct result of their being harvested, but rather as a result of their contact with the grape leaves. In order for grapes to be peret it must be the harvesting that causes them to separate from the cluster and fall to the ground.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
הרי הוא של בעל הבית – it was not separated through the cutting [of the branches].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
One who places a basket under the vine when he is harvesting [the grapes], behold he is a robber of the poor. Concerning him it is said: “Do not remove the landmark of those that come up (” (Proverbs 22:28). By putting the basket under the vine when harvesting, he is preventing anything from becoming peret. The mishnah calls one who does such a thing a “robber of the poor.” This is the same words with which mishnah 5:6 ended. I will copy here what I wrote there: The final midrash on Proverbs 22:28 is based on a variant reading of the text of Proverbs. The Masoretic (traditional Jewish) text reads, “Do not remove the ancient (olam) landmark stone.” Our text reads the word “olam” as if it was written “olim.” “Olim” usually means “those who go up” and therefore it may be being used euphemistically here for the poor who could be called “those who are going down,” meaning they have lost their money.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
המניח כלכלה בשעה שהוא בוצר – he places a basket underneath the grapes when the individual grapes fall into it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
הרי זה גוזל את העניים – that fallen grapes when falling, the poor have taken possession before they reach the ground.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
אל תסג גבול עולים – this is explained above in chapter 5 (Tractate Peah, Mishnah 6).
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