Comentario sobre Peah 2:1
וְאֵלּוּ מַפְסִיקִין לַפֵּאָה. הַנַּחַל, וְהַשְּׁלוּלִית, וְדֶרֶךְ הַיָּחִיד, וְדֶרֶךְ הָרַבִּים, וּשְׁבִיל הָרַבִּים, וּשְׁבִיל הַיָּחִיד הַקָּבוּעַ בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה וּבִימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, וְהַבּוּר, וְהַנִּיר, וְזֶרַע אַחֵר. וְהַקּוֹצֵר לְשַׁחַת מַפְסִיק, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ מַפְסִיק, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן חָרָשׁ:
Y estos dividen el Peah [rincón del campo que debe darse a los pobres]: un río, un estanque, un camino privado, un camino público, un camino público, un camino privado que es permanente durante los días de verano e invierno, sin cultivar tierra, tierra arada y un cultivo diferente. Quien cosecha con el propósito de alimento para animales crea una división: [estas son] las palabras del rabino Meir; Los Sabios dicen: Él no crea una división a menos que haya arado.
Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
אלו מפסיקין – between one field and another and they would be considered like two fields, regarding [the case] that if he left the corner fallow in one of them over its neighbor, he did not fulfill [the Mitzvah] of Peah, as it is written (Leviticus 19:9): “….you shall not reap all the way to the edges of your field…,” for he did not leave the corner fallow from one field to its neighbor.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
Introduction
This mishnah deals with how one determines if a plot of land is considered one plot or two in terms of peah. If the plot is considered to be two then he must leave peah from both fields for he cannot give peah from one field in order to exempt the other.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
הנחל – river
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
The following divide a field for peah: a stream, a pool, a private road, a public road, a public path, a private path in constant use in summer and the rainy season, fallow land, a plowed field and a different seed. If one of these things is found in a given field then the field is considered to be two and he must leave peah in both. Most of these are self-explanatory. The private path must be in constant use for it to be considered significant enough to divide the field. A plowed field refers to one that was not planted, unlike a fallow field to which no work has been done. Planting different seeds is another way of dividing one field from another.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
שלולית – canal that imparts booty (alluvium) to its banks (see Talmud Bava Kamma 61a), that other canals drink from it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
One who harvested for animal fodder, [the plot] serves divides, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: it does not stop for peah unless it is plowed. One doesn’t have to leave peah from a field that has been harvested for the crops to be animal food. Our mishnah deals with a case where one harvests a field early so that the unripe grain can be used as animal fodder. According to Rabbi Meir this harvest now divides the field into two. In other words we don’t look at this harvest as being part of the harvest of the remainder of the field and therefore the section that has been harvested is considered to be fallow. The other rabbis consider the harvest of the crops for animal food to be part of the larger harvest and hence this harvest in and of itself does not divide the field. Only if before he harvests the rest of the field he goes and plows it does it serve to divide the field into two.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
ודרך היחיד – four cubits
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
ודרך הרבים – sixteen cubits, and because of the concluding section [of the Mishnah] it used it, for it was necessary for the Mishnah to teach the ending section that all of these do not form a division at a tree. And it comes to tell us that even the communal path which is sixteen cubits wide does not form a division at a tree.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
שביל הרבים ושביל היחיד – many small paths that took a foot and left a foot, and we learn that even the communal path if it is fixed for the days of sunshine (i.e., summer months) and the days of rain (i.e., winter months), that means to say, that people walk on it, even at the time when the fields are sown during the rainy seasons that separate between sown fields, and if not, they do not separate.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
הבור – a field that is not sown [as it is written] (Genesis 47:19): “that the land may not become a waste,” which we translate [in Aramaic]: “and the land lay waste.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
והניר – ploughing, like (Jeremiah 4:3): “Break up the untilled ground, [and do not sow among thorns].”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
וזרע אחר – like the example of two fields that are sown with wheat and between them is a piece of land sown with another kind. And the measurement of the width of the fallow land or the newly broken land and another seed is of three furrows with the handle of the plow.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
והקוצר לשחת מפסיק – for he (i.e., Rabbi Meir) holds that a person who harvests young grain [for use as fodder] – is not for harvesting, and we don’t consider it as the beginning of harvesting. Corn that is used as fodder at its earliest stage which is grain that did not bring forth a third, and we harvest it to feed it to animals. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.
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