Las hojas, los brotes, la savia de las vides y los capullos de la vid están permitidos con respecto a [las leyes de] Orlah , Revai [el fruto de un árbol en el cuarto año después de su plantación, que debe llevarse a Jerusalén y consumirse allí] y a un Nazareo, pero están prohibidos con respecto a [las leyes de] Asherah [árbol idólatra del cual todos los beneficios están prohibidos]. El rabino Yose dice que los brotes de vid están prohibidos porque [se consideran] una fruta. El rabino Eliezer dice que si se cuaja la leche con la resina de Orlah , está prohibido. El rabino Yehoshua dijo: He escuchado explícitamente [es decir, tengo una tradición recibida] que si uno se cuaja con resina de hojas o resina de raíces, está permitido; con la resina de fruta inmadura, está prohibido, porque son [consideradas] una fruta.
Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
ומי גפנים – the water the comes out from the grape-vines when we cut them, or the vine-shoots in the days of Nisan.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Orlah
Introduction
This mishnah deals with the subject of what parts of a vine are prohibited because of orlah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
וסמדר – [budding berries] is the flowering that from it comes out the half-ripe fruit/grapes. But the half-ripe fruit itself, everyone admits that it is fruit.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Orlah
Leaves, sprouts, sap of vines, and vine-buds are permitted in respect of orlah and the laws of the fourth year, and to a nazirite, but are prohibited if they come from an Asherah [tree]. Rabbi Yose says: vine-buds are prohibited because they are fruit. The laws of orlah and fourth year produce do not apply to the non-edible parts of the tree only to the fruit. So if one wants to derive benefit from these parts during the first four years of the tree’s existence, he may do so. When it comes to the vine, these parts are permitted to a nazirite, since he is prohibited from consuming only the grapes and the parts of the grapes (see Numbers 6:3-4). However, when it comes to an Asherah tree, which is a tree used in idolatry, then every part of the tree is prohibited. Rabbi Yose considers the vine-buds to be food, even though most people wouldn’t eat them before they fully ripen. Therefore, the laws of orlah and fourth year produce and the Nazirite prohibitions apply to them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
מותרים בערלה – as it is written (Leviticus 19:23): “You shall regard its fruit as forbidden.” But these are not fruit.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Orlah
Rabbi Eliezer said: if one curdles [milk] with the resinous substances of [a tree liable to] orlah, it is prohibited. Rabbi Joshua said: I have received an explicit tradition that if one curdles [milk] with the resinous substance of the leaves, or with the resinous substance of the roots, it is permitted, but with the resinous substance of the unripe berries, it is prohibited, because these are fruit. This section deals with the resin that comes from the tree and is used to curdle milk and make cheese. Rabbi Eliezer says that the laws of orlah apply to this substance and therefore if one uses it to curdle milk, the cheese will be prohibited. Rabbi Joshua disagrees based on a received oral tradition that the laws of orlah do not apply to the resin that comes from the tree and is used to curdle the milk. This is true as long as the resin comes from the leaves or roots, parts of the tree to which the laws of orlah never apply. However, if he uses the resin that comes from the unripe berries, the cheese is prohibited because these unripe berries are, according to Rabbi Yose, subject to the laws of orlah. And even according to the opinion that disagrees with Rabbi Yose, although the unripe berries are not subject to orlah, when they ripen they will be subject to orlah. Therefore, this cheese will be prohibited.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
וברבעי – they are eaten in the fourth year outside of Jerusalem without redemption, as it is written (Leviticus 19:24): “[In the fourth year] all fruit shall be set aside for jubilation [before the LORD],” but these are not considered fruit.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
ובנזיר – the Nazirite is permitted to eat them, for concerning the Nazirite it is written (Numbers 6:3): “nor eat grapes fresh or dried” and these are not eatable.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
ואסורים באשרה – as it is written (Deuteronomy 13:18): “Let nothing that has been doomed stick to your hand [in order that the LORD may turn from His blazing anger and show you compassion],” and the Asherah is a tree that is worshipped.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
המעמיד בשרף הערלה – curdles cheese with the sap/resinous substances of the trees of Orlah/uncircumcised trees. Sap/resinous substance is called GUMA in the foreign tongue, and Rabbi Eliezer holds that the sap is fruit, whether the tree produces fruit or whether the tree does not produce fruit. But the Halakha is not according to either Rabbi Yosi or to Rabbi Eliezer.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
בשרף הפגיס – the sap that flows from fruit that have not fully ripened. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehoshua.
