Cada mitzvá que es función de la tierra se obtiene solo en la tierra, y cada mitzvá que no es función de la tierra se obtiene tanto en la tierra como fuera de ella. [Cualquier mitzvá que sea vinculante para el cuerpo de uno se llama "no es una función de la tierra"; y cualquier mitzvá que sea vinculante para la tierra se llama "una función de la tierra"] excepto arlah (fruto interceptado de los primeros tres años) [que obtiene (incluso) fuera de la tierra—una halajá a Moisés en el Sinaí] y kilayim (injertos prohibidos). [Y los adornos de la viña (k'lai hakerem) se interceptan rabínicamente fuera de Eretz Yisrael, y se permite sembrar adornos de semillas (k'lai z'raim) fuera de Eretz Yisrael]. R. Eliezer dice: También chadash (grano nuevo, antes de Pesaj) [está prohibido por la Torá fuera de la tierra, a pesar de que es vinculante en la tierra, está escrito (Levítico 23:14): "en todas sus viviendas"— donde sea que habites (incluso fuera de Eretz Israel)].
Bartenura on Mishnah Kiddushin
כל מצוה שאינה תלויה בארץ – Every commandment which is for the requirements of the body is called, ‘which is not tied to the land [of Israel],” and that which is for the requirement of the land [of Israel], is called, “which is tied to the land [of Israel].”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kiddushin
Introduction
This mishnah deals with commandments which are “dependent on the land.” “Dependent on the land” refers to commandments which are agricultural in nature, such as the giving of the first fruits, tithes, terumah, the leaving of corners of fields etc.
The reason that this mishnah is here is its linguistic connection to the previous mishnayoth, especially mishnah seven.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kiddushin
חוץ מן הערלה – which applies outside the Land [of Israel], a usage dating from Moses as delivered from Sinai (i.e., a traditional law, or traditional interpretation of a written law). But mixed seats in the vineyard outside of the Land [of Israel] (see Mishnah Kilyaim, Chapter 8, Mishnah 1) are Rabbinic, and it is permitted to sow mixed seeds outside the Land of Israel.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kiddushin
Every commandment which is dependent on the land is practiced only in the land [of Israel]; and every commandment which is not dependent on the land is practiced both in and outside the land, except orlah and kilayim. Rabbi Elazar says: also [the prohibition of] new produce. In general, all commandments which are connected to the land are practiced only in the land of Israel. There are some commandments such as tefillin concerning which the Torah uses language such as “When God brings you into the land…” (Exodus 13:5). One might have thought that these commandments would only be obligatory for a Jew living in the land of Israel. The mishnah, however, says that the distinction between commandments observed in and outside of Israel is not the language used in the Torah but rather whether or not the observance of the commandment itself is tied to land. The only exceptions to this rule are “orlah” and “kilayim.” “Orlah” is the prohibition of using the fruit of a tree for its first three years. “Kilayim” refers to the prohibition of planting wheat in a vineyard. Rabbi Elazar adds to the list of exceptions the prohibition of new produce. This refers to the prohibition from eating from the new grain harvest until the omer sacrifice is brought on the sixteenth of Nisan (see Leviticus 23:14).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kiddushin
ר' אליעזר אומר: אף החדש – It is prohibited outside the Land of Israel from the Torah, even though it is an obligation of the land, as it states (Leviticus 23:21): “in all your settlements [throughout the ages].” In every place where you dwell. And the Halakah is according to Rabbi Eliezer.ו
