Comentario sobre Keritot 1:5
אֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵינָן מְבִיאוֹת. הַמַּפֶּלֶת שָׁפִיר מָלֵא מַיִם, מָלֵא דָם, מָלֵא גְנִינִים, הַמַּפֶּלֶת כְּמִין דָּגִים וַחֲגָבִים שְׁקָצִים וּרְמָשִׂים, הַמַּפֶּלֶת יוֹם אַרְבָּעִים, וְיוֹצֵא דֹפֶן. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְחַיֵּב בְּיוֹצֵא דֹפֶן:
Estas [mujeres] no traen [sacrificios]: Uno que aborta un amnios lleno de agua, sangre o material variado. Una que aborta la forma de un pez, o la forma de langostas, o cosas que se arrastran y se arrastran, o una que aborta [dentro de] cuarenta días [de su embarazo], o que da a luz a través de la cesárea. El rabino Shimon lo considera responsable [una mujer] que da a luz a través de una cesárea.
Bartenura on Mishnah Keritot
גנינים (an abortion filed with lumps of a fleshy substance – see also Tractate Niddah, Chapter 3, Mishnah 2 and 3) – variegated colors. But I heard, like worms.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Keritot
Introduction
Today’s mishnah lists women who do not bring a childbirth sacrifice.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Keritot
המפלת יום ארבעים – until they will pass forty of her pregnancy, it is mere water.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Keritot
The following do not bring a sacrifice:
A woman who discharges a sac filled with water or with blood or with pieces of flesh; This sac is not considered to be evidence that the woman gave birth, and therefore she does not bring a sacrifice.
A woman who discharges a sac filled with water or with blood or with pieces of flesh; This sac is not considered to be evidence that the woman gave birth, and therefore she does not bring a sacrifice.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Keritot
ר' שמעון מחייב ביוצא דופן (a fetus extracted by means of the caesarean section) – as it is written (Leviticus 12:5): “If she bears a female/ואם נקבה תלד ,” it should have been written – “if she is a female [offspring],” but there increased for her another birth, and what is it? A fetus extracted by means of caesarean section. But the first Tanna/teacher [of the Mishnah] held that, Scripture stated (Leviticus 12:2): “When a woman at childbirth bears (or alternatively, ‘brings forth seed),” until she gives birth from the place where the woman is first [to release her egg].”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Keritot
Or if the miscarriage was in the shape of fish, locust, unclean animals or reptiles; These shapes are not indicative of a human fetus and therefore she does not bring a sacrifice. We should note that there might be some ideology in effect here. In mishnah two Rabbi Meir said that a woman who gives birth to a fetus in the shape of a beast, wild animal or bird is obligated. These were all kosher animals. They are also the animals that require shekhitah (slaughtering) in order to be eaten. Today’s mishnah refers to living things that are either of a lower form (fish and locusts) or are not kosher (unclean animals and reptiles). Perhaps it is an ideological statement of Rabbi Meir that dictates that humans look like the former, kosher animals of a higher form, but not the latter.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Keritot
Or if it was extracted by means of a caesarean section. Rabbi Shimon declares her liable [to an offering] in the case of a caesarean section. According to the rabbis, the fetus is not considered to come into existence until the fortieth day. A woman who miscarries before that point is considered to have discharged a sac full of water and she is not liable for a sacrifice.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Keritot
According to the first opinion, a child born through caesarean section does not make his/her mother liable to bring a sacrifice because this is not really “birth.” However, Rabbi Shimon holds that she is liable.
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