Comentario sobre Keilim 17:14
וְיֵשׁ בְּמֶה שֶּׁנִּבְרָא בַיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן טֻמְאָה, בַּשֵּׁנִי אֵין בּוֹ טֻמְאָה, בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי יֶשׁ בּוֹ טֻמְאָה, בָּרְבִיעִי וּבַחֲמִישִׁי אֵין בָּהֶם טֻמְאָה, חוּץ מִכְּנַף הָעוֹז וּבֵיצַת נַעֲמִית הַמְצֻפָּה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי, מַה נִּשְׁתַּנָּה כְנַף הָעוֹז מִכָּל הַכְּנָפָיִם. וְכֹל שֶׁנִּבְרָא בַיּוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי, טָמֵא:
Hay cosas que se crearon el primer día que son susceptibles a la impureza. En el segundo día, nada creado es susceptible a la impureza. Al tercer día, hay cosas susceptibles a la impureza. Al cuarto día y al quinto día, nada de lo creado es susceptible a la impureza, excepto el ala del buitre o un huevo de avestruz que está enchapado. El rabino Yohanan ben Nuri dijo: ¿Por qué el ala de un buitre debería ser diferente de todas las otras alas? Cualquier cosa creada en el sexto día es susceptible a la impureza.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
יש במה שנברא יום הראשון טומאה – this is what he said: There are things that were created on the First Day [of the Creation of the world], that one who makes vessels from them, they have ritual defilement, such as the land which was created on the first day, and earthenware vessels that are made from it are ritually defiled.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Introduction
This fascinating mishnah goes through the six days of creation and discusses whether or not the laws of impurity can apply to the things that were created on each day.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
בשני אין בו טומאה – for on it, the firmament was created and it lacks ritual defilement.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The laws of uncleanness can apply to what was created on the first day. The earth was created on the first day of creation. Vessels made of earthenware are susceptible to impurity. But the rules of impurity do not apply to vessels made of stone or dirt. Therefore, the mishnah states that the laws of impurity can apply to that which was created on the first day.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
בשלישי – [on the third day] trees were created, and wood vessels made from them are susceptible to receive ritual defilement.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
There can be no uncleanness in what was created on the second day. The heavens were created on the second day. Obviously they cannot become impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ברביעי – the heavenly lights were suspended [in the sky], and they lack ritual defilement.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The laws of uncleanness can apply to what was created on the third day. Trees were created on the third day and vessels made of wood are susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
בחמישי – [on the Fifth day] birds and fish [were created], and if he made vessels from them, they are not susceptible to receive ritual defilement.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
No there can be no uncleanness in what was created on the fourth day and on the fifth day, except for the wing of the vulture or an ostrich-egg that is plated. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri said: why should the wing of a vulture be different from all other wings? On the fourth day the stars, moon and sun were created no impurity there. On the fifth day the birds and fish were created. Vessels made of anything that comes from birds or fish are basically not susceptible to impurity, as we learned in yesterday's mishnah. There are two exceptions. The first are lasting vessels made from the wings of vultures. The second is a metal-plated ostrich egg. Most commentators explain that these vessels are susceptible to impurity because they are similar to other vessels. In order to prevent confusion, the sages decreed that they too are susceptible. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri questions why there should be a difference between vulture wings and other wings. Rather all wings are the same; if they are used to make lasting vessels that have receptacles, the vessels are susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
חוץ מכנף העוז (except for the wing of the black eagle) – the wing of the black eagle, for the Rabbis decreed ritual defilement with vessels made from her, for one can come to switch it with other vessels.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The laws of uncleanness can apply to all that was created on the sixth day. On the sixth day land animals were created. Vessels made from their skin or bones is susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
וביצת הנעמית המצופה (the glazed shell of an ostrich egg) – we translate into Aramaic the בת היענה (see Leviticus 11:16) – the egg of an ostrich is called נעמיתא/an ostrich egg. But the Rabbis decreed ritual defilement on its egg when it is a glazed shell, since without he covering, it also stands, but the rest of the eggs, even with a glazed shell, they did not make a decree, since it is not covered, it doesn’t exist at all.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כל שנברא ביום הששי טמא – beasts and animals and reptiles and mankind [were created on the Sixth day of Creation], if one made vessels from their bones or from their skins, they are susceptible to receive ritual defilement.
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