No son responsables a menos que haya olvido de la cosa e inconsciencia en el acto [es decir, si Beth-din dictaminó (erróneamente) para la congregación en una de todas las mitzvoth, no son responsables de un toro de olvido de la congregación, a menos que haya un olvido de la cosa (es decir, si su decisión se equivocó y la halajá se les escapó), junto con la inconsciencia en el acto, es decir, si la mayoría de la congregación erró y transgredió su decisión, está escrito (Levítico 4: 13): "Y si toda la congregación de Israel erra y la cosa se oculta" —inconsciencia en el acto y olvido de la cosa (la halajá)]. Y así con el sacerdote ungido. [No es responsable de una oferta a menos que el estruendo se le haya escapado. Y no son responsables a menos que haya olvido de la cosa junto con inconsciencia en el acto [como con todas las otras mitzvoth; pues derivamos idolatría de las otras mitzvoth por identidad "por los ojos"— "por los ojos", como está escrito arriba.] Beth-din no es responsable a menos que se pronuncie (erróneamente) sobre algo cuya transgresión ingeniosa es castigada por kareth y cuya transgresión involuntaria requiere una ofrenda por el pecado (excepto cinco de ellos cuya inconsciencia la transgresión no requiere una ofrenda por el pecado: la circuncisión y la ofrenda de Pesaj —Debido a que son mandamientos positivos, a pesar de que su transgresión ingeniosa es castigada por kareth, su transgresión involuntaria no requiere una ofrenda por el pecado, con respecto a lo cual está escrito (Levítico 4:13) "uno de todos los mitzvoth de la Torá que no se deben hacer "; y blasfemar, porque no involucra un acto y las Escrituras escriben sobre una ofrenda por el pecado (Números 15:29): "para el que actúa sin darse cuenta"—excluyendo blasfemar, donde no hay acto. Y para contaminar el santuario y sus cosas santas, la transgresión involuntaria requiere (no una ofrenda por el pecado, sino) una ofrenda de escala móvil, como se menciona en Levítico. Por todo esto, beth-din y el sacerdote ungido no traen una ofrenda por el pecado por transgresión involuntaria. Encontramos, entonces, todas las mitzvoth por las cuales beth-din y el sacerdote ungido traen una ofrenda a un total de treinta y uno, la transgresión ingeniosa de la cual es castigada por kareth, y la transgresión involuntaria que requiere una ofrenda fija por el pecado.] Y así con el sacerdote ungido Y no son responsables (de traer una ofrenda) por idolatría hasta que se pronuncian sobre algo cuya transgresión ingeniosa es castigada por kareth y cuya transgresión involuntaria requiere una ofrenda por el pecado.
Bartenura on Mishnah Horayot
.The [court] is not obligated [to bring a sacrifice] except where ignorance of the law – A beit din that ruled for the community on one of all the commandments does not need to bring a bull for a communal error-in-judgment (para ha’elem davar) sacrifice for the community but only for the ignorance of the matter in which it ruled in error and because they did not realize that they were transgressing.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Horayot
Introduction
Mishnah three continues to teach laws of errant rulings in which the court is treated the same way that a high priest is treated. It also continues to equate errant rulings with regard to idolatry with errant rulings with regard to other sins.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Horayot
Was accompanied by an unwitting action – The majority of the community erred and acted according to their ruling, as it is written, “they erred and the thing was hidden,” an act in error and the matter was hidden.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Horayot
The [court] is not obligated [to bring a sacrifice] except where ignorance of the law was accompanied by an unwitting action, and so it is with the anointed priest. Nor [is obligation incurred] in the case of idolatry unless ignorance of the law was accompanied by an unwitting action. The court is not obligated unless they ruled concerning a prohibition the punishment for which is kareth, if it was transgressed intentionally, and a sin offering if transgressed unwittingly, and so it is with the anointed priest. Nor [is obligation incurred] in the case of idolatry unless they ruled concerning a matter the punishment for which is kareth, if it was transgressed intentionally, and a sin offering if transgressed unwittingly. The court is not obligated to bring a sacrifice except in a case where they did not realize that they were issuing an errant ruling and those that acted did not realize that they were transgressing. The same is true if the high priest issues an errant ruling. He must rule and act unwittingly for him to be able to bring a bull as a sin offering. There is no difference in this rule between idolatry and all other commandments.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Horayot
So it is with the anointed priest – The high priest that was anointed with the anointing oil is not obligated to bring a sacrifice unless he forgets the law and he acts and rules in error, as it is written (Leviticus 4), “to bring guilt on the people,” which comes to teach that the anointed priest is like the people.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Horayot
The particular commandment with regard to which the court erred and the people transgressed unwittingly, must be one for which the punishment is kareth (heavenly excommunication) if done intentionally and a sin offering if done unwittingly. Examples of such commandments are Shabbat, many incest prohibitions, the eating of certain prohibited foods, work on Yom Kippur, and cursing God. These are all listed in tractate Karetoth 1:1-2. Idol worship is a sin for which one is potentially liable for kareth or a sin offering (if done unwittingly). However, not all forms of idol worship are punishable by kareth or a sin offering. If one worships an idol in an unusual manner, a type of worship that is not considered normal for that idol or any other idol, than he is not liable for kareth or a sin offering. If the court were to issue an errant ruling with regard to one of these types of worship, the court would not be liable to bring a bull as a sin offering.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Horayot
Nor [is obligation incurred] in the case of idolatry – The beit din issued a mistaken ruling regarding idol worship and they are obligated to bring a bull and a goat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Horayot
Nor [is obligation incurred] in the case of idolatry unless ignorance of the law was accompanied by an unwitting action – Like all the other commandments. We learn about idol worship from the other commandments from a g’zeira shava (“equivalent form”) of “eyes” and “eyes”, as written above.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Horayot
The court is not obligated unless they ruled concerning a prohibition the punishment for which is karet, if it was transgressed intentionally, and a sin offering if transgressed unwittingly – There are 36 commandments in the Torah for which the punishment is “karet” and for each one a sin offering is required if the commandment was transgressed unwittingly, except for five that do not require a sin offering if transgressed in error: brit mila and the Passover sacrifice, since they are positive commandments. Even though wilfully transgressing them has a punishment of “karet” no sin offering is required if they are transgressed in error, as it is written about a sin offering (Leviticus 4), “do any of the things which the LORD hath commanded not to be done.” And making an oath, because there is no action and the Torah says about a sin offering to transgress in error: if an oath was uttered there was no action. And impurity in the Temple and of its contents create no obligation if transgressed in error, but rather a sliding scale sacrifice (oleh ve’yored), as said in Leviticus. And a beit din does not have to bring a sin offering if these are transgressed in error and neither does a high priest. There are 31 commandments for which the punishment is wilful transgression is “karet” and for erroneous transgression is a sin-offering, for which a beit din and a high priest have to bring a sacrifice.
