Alguien que intercambia un valor de sela de dinero del segundo diezmo [es decir, uno que tiene monedas de cobre de dinero del segundo diezmo (ma'aser sheni), y viene a cambiarlas por un sela de plata para llevar a Jerusalén debido a la carga del camino] —Beth Shammai dice: Para todo el sela, monedas. [es decir, si viene a intercambiarlos, los cambia a todos, y da monedas (de cobre) por toda la sela.] Y Beth Hillel dice: (Debería llevar consigo) un shekel [media sela] en plata , y un shekel en monedas (de cobre). [Porque cuando venga a Jerusalén, necesitará monedas de inmediato para comprar lo que necesita comer; y si todos corren al cambiador de dinero para cambiar (un sela entero para monedas de cobre), las monedas se volverán caras y Ma'aser Sheni sufrirá una pérdida. Por lo tanto, deben llevarse monedas (de cobre) con ellos para sus necesidades inmediatas, y, cuando se dan por vencidos, debe cambiar la plata que tiene, poco a poco.] R. Meir dice: La plata y las frutas no se pueden canjear. para plata [es decir, si uno tiene medio dinar de plata de dinero del segundo diezmo y frutos del segundo diezmo por valor de medio dinar, no debe combinarlos para canjearlos por un dinar.] Y los sabios lo permiten [en tal caso , combinándolo con frutas, ya que solo tiene medio dinar de plata. Pero para canjear un dinar de plata y frutas que valen un dinar por media sela, que vale dos dinares—Los sabios coinciden en que esto no se debe hacer. La halajá está de acuerdo con los sabios.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
הפורט סלע ממעות מעשר שני – whomever has Second Tithe copper coins and comes to exchange them for a silver Sela must come up to Jerusalem because of the burden of the path.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eduyot
One who changes for a sela copper coins from second tithe: Beth Shammai says: “Copper coin for the whole sela.” And Beth Hillel say: “Silver for one shekel and copper coin for one shekel.” Rabbi Meir says: “Silver and fruits may not be substituted for silver.” But the sages allow it. Second tithe, the second ten percent of agricultural products, was to be taken to Jerusalem and consumed there. If it was inconvenient to carry all of the second tithe produce to Jerusalem, one could redeem the produce with money and bring the money to Jerusalem. Our mishnah discusses a person who has already redeemed some second tithe and wishes to exchange his small copper coins for a larger more valuable silver coin, a sela, which will be easier to carry to Jerusalem. According to Beth Shammai, in order to do this he must have a whole sela’s worth of copper coin. If he has only half a sela’s worth of copper (=shekel) and he has a silver shekel (=1/2 sela) which is also of second tithe, he may not exchange the shekel and shekel’s worth of copper for a sela since it is forbidden to exchange silver second tithe for other silver second tithe. According to Beth Hillel, one is permitted to exchange a silver shekel and a shekel’s worth of copper coins for a sela. Although it is in general forbidden to exchange silver second tithe for other silver second tithe, since part of this exchange is copper, it is permitted. Rabbi Meir limits Beth Hillel’s opinion. Although it is permitted to exchange silver and copper for silver second tithe, it is forbidden to exchange fruit and silver for other silver. However, the Sages allow even this.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
בית שמאין אומרים בכל הסלע מעות – if one comes to exchange them, he can exchange all of them and give coins for the entire Sela.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
ובית הלל אומרים – he cannot exchange other than half of them, for when he comes to Jerusalem, he will need pennies/small coins immediately to purchase the needs of the meal, and if everyone would run to the money-changer to exchange, the small coins/pennies would increase in value and it would be found that the Second Tithe [value] would be lost. Therefore, he should bring small coins/pennies with them to spend partially, and when they run out, he can exchange the silver that is in his hand little by little. A Shekel is one-half of a Sela.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
אין מחללין כסף ופירות על כסף – Whomever has one-half a Denar of silver of [Second] Tithe, and produce of [Second] Tithe that are worth one-half a Denar, he should not combine them together to change for a Denar.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
וחכמים מתירים – In such a manner through combining produce, since he only has one-half a Denar of silver, but to exchange a silver Denar and produce that is worth a Denar for one-half a Sela whih two Denarim, the Sages admit that we do not exchange. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.
