Comentario sobre Bikurim 1:2
מֵאֵיזֶה טַעַם אֵינוֹ מֵבִיא, מִשּׁוּם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, רֵאשִׁית בִּכּוּרֵי אַדְמָתְךָ (שמות כג), עַד שֶׁיְּהוּ כָל הַגִּדּוּלִין מֵאַדְמָתְךָ. הָאֲרִיסִין וְהֶחָכוֹרוֹת וְהַסִּקָּרִיקוֹן וְהַגַּזְלָן, אֵין מְבִיאִין מֵאוֹתוֹ הַטַּעַם, מִשּׁוּם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, רֵאשִׁית בִּכּוּרֵי אַדְמָתְךָ:
¿Por qué razón uno no trae? Porque dice (Éxodo 23:19), "Los primeros frutos de tu tierra" [implicando], todo lo que se cultiva debe ser enteramente de tu tierra. Los aparceros, los inquilinos, Sikrikonim [los que obligaron a otro a renunciar a la tierra ante la amenaza de muerte], y los ladrones no traen por la misma razón, porque dice: "Los primeros frutos de su tierra".
Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
האריסין – who receives the field [for personal use] for one-half, one third or one-fourth [of the produce].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
Introduction
Our mishnah brings scriptural support (meaning a midrash) for the rules found in yesterday’s mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
חכירות – receives the field [for personal use] for a fixed amount – so-and-many Kor per year, whether it [the field] produces a lot or whether it [the field] produces a little.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
For what reason may he not bring them? Because it is said, “The first-fruits of your land” (Exodus 23:19) until all of their growth is on your land. The Torah states that one brings first fruits from “your land.” Since in all of the cases in yesterday’s mishnah a person used ground that did not belong to him for it was either public property or private property, in all of those cases he does not bring bikkurim.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
סקריקון – someone who murders people – and he [the owner of fields] gives him land in order that he not kill him; and the word סקריקון/Sikrikon – [is an acronym which] comes from “Take this land and leave me [alone]. And even though he gives [it] to him for temporarily, he does not renounce [his ownership] over it, as he holds that today he takes it [away], but tomorrow, I will make a claim against him in court.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
Sharecroppers, leasers, or occupiers of confiscated property (, or a robber does not bring them for the same reason, because it says, “The first-fruits of your land.” The same verse explains why a person doesn’t bring bikkurim if he doesn’t own the land on which the fruit grew. “Sharecroppers” receive the land from its owner and in return they give him a percentage of the produce. “Leasers” give the owner a fixed sum, no matter what the level of produce is. An “occupier” refers to a person who bought land that the government had confiscated from its legal owners (see Gittin 5:6). Such a person does not own the property until he compensates the original owner. Since none of the people listed in this section own the land on which they have grown the fruit none of them bring bikkurim.
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