Si uno bendice el vino antes de la comida, exime (de bendecir) el vino después de la comida. [Esto se aplica a los sábados y festivales, cuando la comida se "designa" sobre el vino después de la comida. Pero en otros días, cuando tal "cita" no se obtiene, el vino antes de la comida no exime al vino después. Cada "después de la comida" en nuestra Mishná significa después de que hayan terminado con el pan, antes de recitar la gracia.] Si él bendijo al parpereth antes de la comida, exime al parpereth después de la comida. [Parpereth es todo lo que acompaña al pan, como carne, huevos y pescado. A veces traían parperaoth antes de la comida para abrir el apetito, y de nuevo, después de la comida, después de haber terminado con el pan.] La bendición sobre el pan exime al parpereth. La bendición sobre parpereth no exime al pan. Beth Shammai dice: Tampoco exime lo que proviene de la olla [como sémola, fruta, grano verde y harina cocida en agua, como panqueques y similares. Y hay algunos que entienden el "parpereth" de nuestra Mishnah como un pan endurecido en un plato, que no tiene apariencia de pan, para lo cual la bendición es borei minei mezonoth. Esto explica la necesidad de "La bendición sobre el parpereth no exime eso sobre el pan"—aunque el parpereth también es una especie de pan. Pero sí exime "lo que viene de la olla". Y Beth Shammai sostiene que así como la bendición sobre el parperet no exime al pan, tampoco exime lo que viene de la olla. La halajá no está de acuerdo con Beth Shammai.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Berakhot
פטר את היין שלאחר המזון – These words [refer to] Sabbaths and Holy Days where it is customary to impart the character of an appointed meal (Sabbath or Holy Day) on the wine after the meal when reciting the blessing on the wine prior to the [start of the] meal, with the assumption that he has already recited the blessing, but on other days where it is not customary to impart the character of an appointed meal through wine after the meal, the blessing on the wine prior to [the start of] the meal does not exempt one [from being required] to recite a blessing after the meal. And every [expression] of “after the meal” as taught in this Tractate is after one has removed their hands from the bread prior to their recitation of the Blessing after the Meal/ברכת המזון.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
Introduction
This mishnah begins to deal with the idea that one can recite a blessing over one piece of food and have that blessing count for other foods as well. Today it is customary to begin every traditional meal with bread, whose blessing exempts the other foods eaten during the meal. This does not seem to have been the custom in the time of the Mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Berakhot
פרפרת – Everything that serves as a relish for bread such as meat, or eggs or fish is called appetizer/פרפרת; and sometimes they would bring appetizers before the meal/main course, in order to continue the eating and then they once again bring other "פרפרות" after the meal/]dessert] after they have withdrawn their hands from the bread.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
If he blessed over the wine before the meal he has exempted the wine after the meal. Wine seems to have been drunk before the meal and after the meal but not usually during the meal. One who blesses over the wine at the beginning of the meal need not recite another blessing over the wine at the end of the meal.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Berakhot
מעשה קדרה – Such as flat cakes and grist of early ripened and tender barley which are boiled in water such as pancakes and other similar things. And there are those who explain the word “פרפרת” of our Mishnah as shrunken pieces of bread (soaked) in a bowl which does not appear to look like bread, and on which (when we consume it), we recite the blessing on it, “בורא מיני מזונות/Who Creates various kinds of foods.” And now, it is appropriate that we should teach, “If one has made the blessing on the appetizer, one is not exempt from reciting the blessing on the bread,” even though it also is a form of bread. But something that has been made in a pot exempts us [from reciting the blessing on the bread]. And the School of Shammai holds that just as if we made a blessing on the appetizer, we are not exempt from [reciting the blessing on] the bread, similarly, we are exempt by something made in a pot. And the Halakha does not follow the School of Shammai.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
If he blessed over the appetizer ( before the meal, he has exempted the dessert ( after the meal. The word in Hebrew for appetizer and for dessert is the same. One who blesses over an appetizer that comes before the meal has exempted a similar type of food that would come after the meal. According to most commentators, this refers to a situation where he didn’t eat bread, because if he ate bread he need not bless in any case over the parperet, as we shall in the next section.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
If he blessed over the bread he has exempted the appetizer/dessert (, but if he blessed over the appetizer/dessert ( he has not exempted the bread. Bet Shammai say: [he has not even exempted] a cooked [grain] dish. In this section the word parperet can refer either to the appetizer or the dessert. In either case, the bread is considered to be more essential than the parperet and therefore one who has already blessed over the bread need not recite the blessing over the parperet. However, if he recited the blessing over the parperet, the less central food item, he is still obligated to recite the blessing over the bread. Bet Shammai equates a cooked dish made with grains with the bread. If one blessed over the parperet he must still bless over the cooked dish.
