Tahorot 5

הַשֶּׁרֶץ וְהַצְּפַרְדֵּעַ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, וְכֵן כַּזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת וְכַזַּיִת מִן הַנְּבֵלָה, וְעֶצֶם מִן הַמֵּת וְעֶצֶם מִן הַנְּבֵלָה, וְגוּשׁ מֵאֶרֶץ טְהוֹרָה וְגוּשׁ מִבֵּית הַפְּרָס, גּוּשׁ מֵאֶרֶץ טְהוֹרָה וְגוּשׁ מֵאֶרֶץ הָעַמִּים, שְׁנֵי שְׁבִילִין, אֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, הָלַךְ בְּאַחַד מֵהֶם וְאֵין יָדוּעַ בְּאֵיזֶה מֵהֶן הָלַךְ, הֶאֱהִיל עַל אַחַד מֵהֶם וְאֵין יָדוּעַ עַל אֵיזֶה מֵהֶן הֶאֱהִיל, הִסִּיט אֶת אַחַד מֵהֶם וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵיזֶה מֵהֶם הִסִּיט, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִים:

A vermin and a frog in the public domain, and similarly an olive's volume of a dead body and an olive's volume of an animal carcass, or a bone from a dead body and a bone from an animal carcass, or a clod [of dirt] from a pure land and a clod from a plowed cemetery, a clod from a pure land and a clod from the lands of the nations [i.e. outside Israel], or two paths one impure and one pure, if someone walked down one of them and he does not know which one he walked down, or [in passing by] he covered over one of them [i.e. over the olive's volume of the dead body or of the animal carcass] and he does not know which one he covered over, or he moved one of them [i.e. one of the two bones, or one of the two clods of dirt] and he does not know which one he moved, Rabbi Akiva declares him impure, but the Sages declare him pure.

אֶחָד שֶׁאָמַר, נָגַעְתִּי בָזֶה וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ אִם הוּא טָמֵא וְאִם הוּא טָהוֹר, נָגַעְתִּי וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ בְּאֵיזֶה מִשְּׁנֵיהֶם נָגַעְתִּי, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִים. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַמֵּא בְכֻלָּן, וּמְטַהֵר בַּשְּׁבִיל, שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לַהֲלֹךְ וְאֵין דַּרְכָּם לִגָּע:

One who said, "I touched this thing and I do not know if it is impure or if it is pure," or [if he says,] "I touched one, but I do not know which of the two I touched," [i.e. like if one does not know if he touched the impure vermin or the pure frog,] Rabbi Akiva declares him impure, but the Sages declare him pure. Rabbi Yose declares them all impure, but in [the case of] the paths he declares [him] pure because it is the way of people to walk [down a path], but it is not their way to touch [the objects on the ground].

שְׁנֵי שְׁבִילִים, אֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, הָלַךְ בְּאַחַד מֵהֶם וְעָשָׂה טָהֳרוֹת וְנֶאֱכְלוּ, הִזָּה וְשָׁנָה וְטָבַל וְטָהַר, וְהָלַךְ בַּשֵּׁנִי וְעָשָׂה טָהֳרוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרוֹת. אִם קַיָּמוֹת הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ תְּלוּיוֹת. אִם לֹא טָהַר בֵּינְתַיִם, הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת תְּלוּיוֹת וְהַשְּׁנִיּוֹת יִשָּׂרֵפוּ:

Two paths, one impure and one pure, if someone walked down one of them and prepared pure things [i.e. pure <i>terumah</i> foods] and they were eaten, and then he [was] sprinkled [i.e. with the sanctified waters, as part of the red heifer purification process], and [then sprinkled] a second time, and he immersed and became pure, and then he walked down the second path and prepared pure things, they are pure. If the first ones still exist they are both held in suspension [and can be neither eaten nor burned]. If he did not purify [himself] in between, the first ones are in suspension and the second ones should be burned.

הַשֶּׁרֶץ וְהַצְּפַרְדֵּעַ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, נָגַע בְּאַחַד מֵהֶם וְעָשָׂה טָהֳרוֹת וְנֶאֱכְלוּ, טָבַל, נָגַע בַּשֵּׁנִי וְעָשָׂה טָהֳרוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרוֹת. אִם קַיָּמוֹת הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ תְּלוּיוֹת. אִם לֹא טָבַל בֵּינְתַיִם, הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת תְּלוּיוֹת וְהַשְּׁנִיּוֹת יִשָּׂרֵפוּ:

If a vermin and a frog are in the public domain, and someone touched one of them and then prepared pure things, and they were eaten, and he then immersed, and then touched the second one and prepared pure things, these [latter] things are pure. If the first ones still exist then both [sets] are held in suspension [and can be neither eaten nor burned]. If he did not immerse in between, the first ones are in suspension and the second ones should be burned.

שְׁנֵי שְׁבִילִין, אֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, הָלַךְ בְּאַחַד מֵהֶן וְעָשָׂה טָהֳרוֹת, וּבָא חֲבֵרוֹ וְהָלַךְ בַּשֵּׁנִי וְעָשָׂה טָהֳרוֹת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם נִשְׁאֲלוּ זֶה בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְזֶה בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם נִשְׁאֲלוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם כְּאֶחָד, טְמֵאִים. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, טְמֵאִים:

Two paths, one impure and one pure, if someone walked down one of them and then prepared pure things, and then his fellow came and walked down the second one and prepared pure things, Rabbi Yehuda says: If each one of them inquired individually [regarding his own purity status], they are both pure, but if they inquired together, they are impure. Rabbi Yose says: in either case they are impure.

שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִים, אֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, אָכַל אֶת אַחַד מֵהֶם וְעָשָׂה טָהֳרוֹת וּבָא חֲבֵרוֹ וְאָכַל אֶת הַשֵּׁנִי וְעָשָׂה טָהֳרוֹת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם נִשְׁאֲלוּ זֶה בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְזֶה בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם נִשְׁאֲלוּ שְׁנֵיהֶן כְּאַחַת, טְמֵאִים. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, טְמֵאִים:

Two loaves of bread, one impure and one pure, if someone ate one of them and then prepared pure things, and then his fellow came and ate the second one and then prepared pure things, Rabbi Yehuda says: If each one of them inquired individually [regarding his own purity status], they are both pure, but if they inquired together, they are impure. Rabbi Yose says: in either case they are impure.

מִי שֶׁיָּשַׁב בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וּבָא אֶחָד וְדָרַס עַל בְּגָדָיו, אוֹ שֶׁרָקַק וְנָגַע בְּרֻקּוֹ, עַל רֻקּוֹ שׂוֹרְפִים אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, וְעַל בְּגָדָיו הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הָרֹב. יָשֵׁן בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְעָמַד, כֵּלָיו טְמֵאִים מִדְרָס, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. נָגַע בְּאֶחָד בַּלַּיְלָה, וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אִם חַי אִם מֵת, וּבַשַּׁחַר עָמַד וּמְצָאוֹ מֵת, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַהֵר. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִים, שֶׁכָּל הַטֻּמְאוֹת כִּשְׁעַת מְצִיאָתָן:

One who sat in the public domain, and someone came and stepped on his clothes, or spat and he [the sitter] touched his spit: on account of the spit the <i>terumah</i> is burned, but regarding the [stepped on] clothes we follow the majority [of the area's population, in order to determine the status of the person who stepped on the clothes, and thereby to determine whether or not the sitter was rendered impure]. One who slept in the public domain, when he arises his clothes are impure as <i>midras</i> [an impurity caused when something is sat or stepped upon by a <i>zav</i> or a <i>zava</i>, rendering it an Origin of impurity], according to Rabbi Meir; but the Sages declare them pure. One who touched someone in the night, and it is not known whether it was someone living or dead, and in the morning when he arose he found him dead, Rabbi Meir declares him pure; but the Sages declare him impure, since all [uncertain cases of] impurities are [ruled] in accordance with [their apparent status at] the time they are discovered.

שׁוֹטָה אַחַת בָּעִיר, אוֹ נָכְרִית, אוֹ כוּתִית, כָּל הָרֻקִּים שֶׁבָּעִיר טְמֵאִין. מִי שֶׁדָּרְסָה אִשָּׁה עַל בְּגָדָיו, אוֹ שֶׁיָּשְׁבָה עִמּוֹ בִּסְפִינָה, אִם מַכִּירָתוֹ שֶׁהוּא אוֹכֵל בַּתְּרוּמָה, כֵּלָיו טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם לָאו, יִשְׁאָלֶנָּה:

If there was one fool in the town, or a non-Jewish woman, or a Samaritan woman, all spit [found] in the town is impure. Someone whose clothes were stepped on by a woman, or if she sat with him in a boat, if she knows that he is one who eats <i>terumah</i> [and therefore has to be careful to remain pure, then] his clothes are pure; but if not, he must ask her [if she is a <i>niddah</i>, in order to determine whether or not his clothes have become impure].

עֵד אוֹמֵר נִטְמָא, וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לֹא נִטְמֵאתִי, טָהוֹר. שְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים נִטְמֵאתָ, וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לֹא נִטְמֵאתִי, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הוּא נֶאֱמָן עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ. עֵד אוֹמֵר נִטְמָא, וּשְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים לֹא נִטְמָא, בֵּין בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד בֵּין בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָהוֹר. שְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים נִטְמָא, וְעֵד אוֹמֵר לֹא נִטְמָא, בֵּין בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד בֵּין בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָמֵא. עֵד אוֹמֵר נִטְמָא וְעֵד אוֹמֵר לֹא נִטְמָא, אִשָּׁה אוֹמֶרֶת נִטְמָא וְאִשָּׁה אוֹמֶרֶת לֹא נִטְמָא, בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, טָמֵא. בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָהוֹר:

If one witness says, "He has become impure," but he says, "I have not become impure," he is pure. If two [witnesses] say, "You have become impure," and he says, "I have not become impure," Rabbi Meir declares him impure; but the Sages say: he is believed regarding himself. One witness says, "He has become impure," and two [witnesses] say, "He has not become impure," whether in a private domain or in a public domain, he is pure. Two [witnesses] say, "He has become impure," and one witness says, "He has not become impure," whether in a private domain or in a public domain, he is impure. One witness says, "He has become impure," and another witness says, "He has not become impure," or if one woman says, "He has become impure," and another woman says, "He has not become impure," in a private domain he is impure, but in a public domain he is pure.