Tahorot 6

מָקוֹם שֶׁהָיָה רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְנַעֲשָׂה רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, חָזַר וְנַעֲשָׂה רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, כְּשֶׁהוּא רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, סְפֵקוֹ טָמֵא. כְּשֶׁהוּא רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, סְפֵקוֹ טָהוֹר. הַמְסֻכָּן בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְהוֹצִיאוּהוּ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, וְהֶחֱזִירוּהוּ לִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, כְּשֶׁהוּא בִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, סְפֵקוֹ טָמֵא. כְּשֶׁהוּא בִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, סְפֵקוֹ טָהוֹר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים מַפְסָקֶת:

A place that was a private domain, and then became a public domain, and then was turned again into a private domain: while it is a private domain its uncertainty [i.e. any cases of uncertainty regarding the purity status of something found in it] is impure; while it is a public domain its uncertainty is pure. A man who was gravely ill in a private domain, and they took him out into a public domain, and then they returned him to a private domain: while he is in the private domain his uncertainty [i.e. the uncertainty of the purity status of any person or object that came in contact with him, if it was not clear whether he was alive or dead at the time] is impure; while he is in the public domain his uncertainty is pure. Rabbi Shimon says: the public domain interrupts [i.e. and once he is in the public domain and thereby determined to be alive, we can no longer maintain that earlier, while he was in the private domain, he was dead].

אַרְבָּעָה סְפֵקוֹת רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַמֵּא וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. כֵּיצַד. הַטָּמֵא עוֹמֵד וְהַטָּהוֹר עוֹבֵר, הַטָּהוֹר עוֹמֵד וְהַטָּמֵא עוֹבֵר, הַטֻּמְאָה בִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְטָהֳרָה בִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָהֳרָה בִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְטֻמְאָה בִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, סָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע, סָפֵק הֶאֱהִיל סָפֵק לֹא הֶאֱהִיל, סָפֵק הִסִּיט סָפֵק לֹא הִסִּיט, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁע מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין:

There are four cases of uncertain impurity which Rabbi Yehoshua declares impure and the Sages declare pure. How so? If an impure person stood [in a covered area, such as under a tree, constituting a "tent" or area of impurity,] and a pure person passed by; or a pure person stood [in a covered area] and an impure person passed by; or if something impure was in a private domain and [it was next to] something pure in the [adjacent] public domain; or if something pure was in the private domain and [it was next to] something impure in the [adjacent] public domain; if there is an uncertainty as to whether one touched [the impure object] or did not touch it, or whether it [i.e. the covered area] covered over [both the impure and the pure person at once] or did not cover over, or whether someone moved [the impure object, even indirectly] or did not move it; [in all these cases of uncertainty] Rabbi Yehoshua declares it impure, and the Sages declare it pure.

אִילָן שֶׁהוּא עוֹמֵד בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְהַטֻּמְאָה בְתוֹכוֹ, עָלָה לְרֹאשׁוֹ, סָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע, סְפֵקוֹ טָמֵא. הִכְנִיס יָדוֹ לְחוֹר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ טֻמְאָה, סָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע, סְפֵקוֹ טָמֵא. חֲנוּת שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא וּפָתוּחַ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, סָפֵק נִכְנַס סָפֵק לֹא נִכְנַס, סְפֵקוֹ טָהוֹר. סָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע, סְפֵקוֹ טָהוֹר. שְׁתֵּי חֲנֻיּוֹת, אֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, נִכְנַס לְאַחַד מֵהֶן, סָפֵק לַטָּמֵא נִכְנַס סָפֵק לַטָּהוֹר נִכְנַס, סְפֵקוֹ טָמֵא:

A tree standing in a public domain which has something impure within it [i.e. among its branches], if someone climbed to its top, and it is uncertain whether he touched [the impurity] or did not touch it, its uncertainty is impure [i.e. such a case of uncertainty is ruled to be impure]. If someone put his hand into a hole containing something impure, and it is uncertain whether he touched it or did not touch it, its uncertainty is impure. A shop that was impure and open to the public domain, if there is an uncertainty as to whether someone entered it or did not enter it, its uncertainty is pure. If there is an uncertainty as to whether one touched [something impure inside a shop] or did not touch, its uncertainty is pure. If there were two shops, the one impure and one pure, and someone entered into one of them, and there is an uncertainty as to whether he entered into the impure one or entered into the pure one, its uncertainty is impure.

כֹּל שֶׁאַתָּה יָכוֹל לְרַבּוֹת סְפֵקוֹת וּסְפֵק סְפֵקוֹת, בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, טָמֵא. בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָהוֹר. כֵּיצַד, נִכְנַס לְמָבוֹי וְהַטֻּמְאָה בֶחָצֵר, סָפֵק נִכְנַס סָפֵק לֹא נִכְנַס, טֻמְאָה בַּבַּיִת, סָפֵק נִכְנַס סָפֵק לֹא נִכְנַס, וַאֲפִלּוּ נִכְנַס, סָפֵק הָיְתָה שָׁם סָפֵק לֹא הָיְתָה שָׁם, וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיְתָה שָׁם, סָפֵק שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ כַּשִּׁעוּר סָפֵק שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ כַּשִּׁעוּר, וַאֲפִלּוּ שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ, סָפֵק טֻמְאָה סָפֵק טָהֳרָה, וַאֲפִלּוּ טֻמְאָה, סָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע, סְפֵקוֹ טָמֵא. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, סְפֵק בִּיאָה, טָהוֹר. סְפֵק מַגַּע טֻמְאָה, טָמֵא:

However many uncertainties, and uncertainties upon uncertainties that you might increase, a case of uncertainty in a private domain is impure, and [an uncertainty] in a public domain is pure. How so? If one entered an alleyway and something impure was in the courtyard [which one enters into through the alleyway], and there is an uncertainty as to whether he entered [the courtyard] or did not enter; or if something impure was in a house and there is an uncertainty as to whether he entered or did not enter; or even if he entered, if there is an uncertainty as to whether it was there [i.e. whether the impure thing was in the house at the time that he entered] or was not there; or even if it was there, if there is an uncertainty as to whether it consisted of the [sufficient] amount [required in order for something to render one impure] or did not consist of the [sufficient] amount; or even if it did consist [of the sufficient amount], if there is an uncertainty as to whether it was something impure or pure; and even if it was something impure, if there is an uncertainty as to whether he touched it or not; [for any such case] its uncertainty is impure. Rabbi Elazar says: if there is an uncertainty as to whether one entered [into the impure courtyard or house], it is pure; but if there is an uncertainty as to whether one touched [something impure], it is impure.

נִכְנַס לְבִקְעָה בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, וְטֻמְאָה בְּשָׂדֶה פְלוֹנִית, וְאָמַר, הָלַכְתִּי לַמָּקוֹם הַלָּז וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ אִם נִכְנַסְתִּי לְאוֹתוֹ הַשָּׂדֶה וְאִם לֹא נִכְנַסְתִּי, רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין:

If one entered a valley during the rainy season, and there was something impure in a particular field and he said, "I walked to that place, but I do not know whether I entered that field or did not enter it, Rabbi Elazar declares him pure, but the Sages declare him impure.

סְפֵק רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, טָמֵא, עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לֹא נָגַעְתִּי. סְפֵק רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים טָהוֹר, עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר נָגַעְתִּי. אֵיזוֹ הִיא רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים. שְׁבִילֵי בֵית גִּלְגּוּל, וְכֵן כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן, רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לְשַׁבָּת, וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לַטֻּמְאָה. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר, לֹא הֻזְכְּרוּ שְׁבִילֵי בֵית גִּלְגּוּל, אֶלָּא שֶׁהֵם רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ. הַשְּׁבִילִים הַמְפֻלָּשִׁים לְבוֹרוֹת וּלְשִׁיחִים וְלִמְעָרוֹת וּלְגִתּוֹת, רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לְשַׁבָּת וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לַטֻּמְאָה:

A case of uncertainty [originating] in the private domain [regarding ones purity status] is impure until he says, "I did not touch [the impure object]." A case of uncertainty [originating] in the public domain is pure until he says, "I touched [the impurity]." Which is a public domain? The [narrow, steep and winding] streets [leading up to] <i>Beit Gilgul</i> and those [areas] similar to them are [considered] a private domain regarding [matters of carrying on] Shabbat, but a public domain regarding [matters of purity and] impurity. Rabbi Elazar says: the streets of <i>Beit Gilgul</i> were only mentioned because they are a private domain regarding both of them [i.e. both for matters of carrying on Shabbat and matters of purity]. The paths that lead to pits, cisterns, caves, and wine presses are each a private domain regarding Shabbat, but a public domain regarding impurity.

הַבִּקְעָה, בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לְשַׁבָּת וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לַטֻּמְאָה. וּבִימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ:

A valley in the summer time is a private domain regarding [matters of carrying on] Shabbat and it is a public domain regarding [matters of purity and] impurity; and in the rainy season it is a private domain regarding both of them.

בָּסִילְקִי, רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לַשַּׁבָּת וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לַטֻּמְאָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם עוֹמֵד הוּא בַפֶּתַח הַזֶּה וְרוֹאֶה אֶת הַנִּכְנָסִין וְאֶת הַיּוֹצְאִין בַּפֶּתַח הַלָּז, רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ. וְאִם לָאו, רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לַשַּׁבָּת וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לַטֻּמְאָה:

A basilica is a private domain regarding [matters of carrying on] Shabbat, but it is a public domain regarding [matters of] impurity. Rabbi Yehuda says: if one who stands in one entrance can see those who enter and exit through the other entrance, it is a private domain regarding regarding both of them; and if not then it is a private domain regarding Shabbat and a public domain regarding impurity.

הַפָּרָן, רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לַשַּׁבָּת וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לַטֻּמְאָה. וְכֵן הַצְּדָדִין. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הַצְּדָדִין, רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ:

A forum is a private domain regarding Shabbat, but a public domain regarding impurity; and similarly the sides [of the forum are also a private domain regarding Shabbat and a public domain regarding impurity]. Rabbi Meir says: the sides are a private domain regarding both of them.

הָאִסְטְוָנִית, רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לַשַּׁבָּת וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לַטֻּמְאָה. חָצֵר שֶׁהָרַבִּים נִכְנָסִים בָּזוֹ וְיוֹצְאִים בָּזוֹ, רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לַשַּׁבָּת וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לַטֻּמְאָה:

A colonnade is a private domain regarding Shabbat but a public domain regarding impurity. A courtyard which the masses enter into through one [entrance] and exit through the other is a private domain regarding Shabbat but a public domain regarding impurity.