Makhshirin 5

מִי שֶׁטָּבַל בַּנָּהָר, וְהָיָה לְפָנָיו נָהָר אַחֵר וְעָבַר בּוֹ, טִהֲרוּ שְׁנִיִּים אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים. דָּחָהוּ חֲבֵרוֹ לְשָׁכְרוֹ, וְכֵן לִבְהֶמְתּוֹ, טִהֲרוּ שְׁנִיִּים אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים. וְאִם כִּמְשַׂחֵק עִמּוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה בְכִי יֻתַּן:

[If] one immersed in a river and [then] there was another river in front of him and he passed through it, the second [river's water] purifies the first [river's water, that is neither water will subsequently make food susceptible to impurity]. If his drunk friend pushed him or his animal [into the river after they had immersed], the second [water] purifies the first. And if [he pushed him] in jest that achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i> [a state where liquid put upon food makes it susceptible to impurity].

הַשָּׁט עַל פְּנֵי הַמַּיִם, הַנִּתָּזִין, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. וְאִם נִתְכַּוֵּן לְהַתִּיז עַל חֲבֵרוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה בְכִי יֻתַּן. הָעוֹשֶׂה צִפּוֹר בַּמַּיִם, הַנִּתָּזִין וְאֶת שֶׁבָּהּ, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן:

[If] one is swimming in the water that which splashes out does not achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. But if he intended to splash his friend, that does achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. [If] one makes bubbles in the water that which splashes and what is in it do not achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>.

פֵּרוֹת שֶׁיָּרַד הַדֶּלֶף לְתוֹכָן וּבְלָלָן שֶׁיְּנֻגְּבוּ, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן:

[If] rain water dripped onto fruit and one mixed [the fruits] to dry them, Rabbi Shimon says: That achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>, but the Sages say: That does not achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>.

הַמּוֹדֵד אֶת הַבּוֹר בֵּין לְעָמְקוֹ בֵּין לְרָחְבּוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה בְכִי יֻתַּן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לְעָמְקוֹ, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. וּלְרָחְבּוֹ, אֵינוֹ בְכִי יֻתַּן:

[If] one is measuring either the depth or the width of a cistern [the water on his measuring tape which drips on food] achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>, these are the words of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: [If he was measuring] its depth that achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>, but [if he was measuring] its width that does not that does achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>.

פָּשַׁט יָדוֹ אוֹ רַגְלוֹ אוֹ קָנֶה לְבוֹר לֵידַע אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ מַיִם, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. לֵידַע כַּמָּה מַיִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה בְכִי יֻתַּן. זָרַק אֶבֶן לְבוֹר לֵידַע אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ מַיִם, הַנִּתָּזִין, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. וְאֶת שֶׁבָּאֶבֶן, טְהוֹרִים:

[If] one reaches out his hand or his leg, or a rod into a cistern to see if there is water in it, that does not that does achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>; [it it is] to see how much water is in it that does achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. [If] one throws a rock into a cistern to see if there is water in it that which splashes out does not achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>, and that which is on the rock is pure [that is, does not make food susceptible to impurity].

הַחוֹבֵט עַל הַשֶּׁלַח, חוּץ לַמַּיִם, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. לְתוֹךְ הַמַּיִם, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף לְתוֹךְ הַמַּיִם בְּכִי יֻתַּן, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מִתְכַּוֵּן שֶׁיֵּצְאוּ עִם הַצּוֹאָה:

[If] one strikes an animal's hide outside of the water that does achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>, [if he struck it while it was] inside the water, that does not achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. Rabbi Yose says: Even [if he struck it] inside the water it achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i> because he intends for it [the water] to come out with the excrement.

הַמַּיִם הָעוֹלִין בַּסְּפִינָה וּבָעֵקֶל וּבַמְּשׁוֹטוֹת, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. בַּמְּצוֹדוֹת וּבָרְשָׁתוֹת וּבַמִּכְמָרוֹת, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. וְאִם נִעֵר, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. הַמּוֹלִיךְ אֶת הַסְּפִינָה לַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל לְצָרְפָהּ, הַמּוֹצִיא מַסְמֵר לַגְּשָׁמִים לְצָרְפוֹ, הַמַּנִּיחַ אֶת הָאוּד בַּגְּשָׁמִים לְכַבּוֹתוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה בְכִי יֻתַּן:

The water that comes up onto a ship, or on the ballast or on the oars does not achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. [That comes up] on traps, or on nets, or on fish nets does not achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. And if he shakes [them] that achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. [If] one sails his ship to the great sea to strengthen it, [or if] one takes a nail out to the rain to strengthen it, [or if] one sets down a brand [that is burning] in the rain to extinguish it - that achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>.

קַסְיָא שֶׁל שֻׁלְחָנוֹת וְהַשִּׁיפָא שֶׁל לְבֵנִים, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. וְאִם נִעֵר, בְּכִי יֻתַּן:

A table cover and the matting used [to cover] bricks do not achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i> [if water that fell on them subsequently fell on food]. And if he shakes them [to wash them] - that does achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>.

כָּל הַנִּצּוֹק, טָהוֹר, חוּץ מִדְּבַשׁ הַזִּיפִין, וְהַצַּפָּחַת. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אַף הַמִּקְפָּה שֶׁל גְּרִיסִין וְשֶׁל פּוֹל, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא סוֹלֶדֶת לְאַחֲרֶיהָ:

All constant flows [of liquid between vessels] are pure except for honey from <i>Ziff</i> and the <i>Tsafachat</i> [a viscous dish]. Beit Shammai say: Also [excepted are] porridge made of grits or beans because that jerks backwards [towards the upper vessel].

הַמְעָרֶה מֵחַם לְחַם, וּמִצּוֹנֵן לְצוֹנֵן, וּמֵחַם לְצוֹנֵן, טָהוֹר. מִצּוֹנֵן לְחַם, טָמֵא. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמְעָרֶה מֵחַם לְחַם וְכֹחוֹ שֶׁל תַּחְתּוֹן יָפֶה מִשֶּׁל עֶלְיוֹן, טָמֵא:

[If] one pours a hot [pure liquid] into a hot [impure liquid], or a cold [pure liquid] into a cold [impure liquid], or a hot [pure liquid] into a cold [impure liquid, [the upper liquid remains] pure. [If one pours] a cold [pure liquid] into a hot [impure liquid, the upper liquid becomes] impure. Rabbi Shimon says: Even [if] one [pours] a hot [pure liquid] into a hot [impure liquid] it is impure if the strength [temperature] of the lower one is greater than that of the upper one.

הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָיוּ יָדֶיהָ טְהוֹרוֹת, וּמְגִיסָה בִקְדֵרָה טְמֵאָה, אִם הִזִּיעוּ יָדֶיהָ, טְמֵאוֹת. הָיוּ יָדֶיהָ טְמֵאוֹת, וּמְגִיסָה בִקְדֵרָה טְהוֹרָה, אִם הִזִּיעוּ יָדֶיהָ, הַקְּדֵרָה טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם נָטְפוּ. הַשּׁוֹקֵל עֲנָבִים בְּכַף מֹאזְנַיִם, הַיַּיִן שֶׁבַּכַּף, טָהוֹר, עַד שֶׁיְּעָרֶה לְתוֹךְ הַכְּלִי. הֲרֵי זֶה דוֹמֶה לְסַלֵּי זֵיתִים וַעֲנָבִים כְּשֶׁהֵן מְנַטְּפִין:

[If] the hands of a woman are pure and she stirs an impure pot her hands [become] impure if they sweat. [If] her hands are impure and she stirs a pure pot, the pot [becomes] impure if her hands sweat. Rabbi Yose says: If [her hands] drip [sweat]. [If] one weighs grapes in the pan of a scale, wine that is in the pan is pure [is not subject to impurity] until he pours it into a vessel. This is similar to baskets of olives and grapes when they are dripping [juice].