Makhshirin 4

הַשּׁוֹחֶה לִשְׁתּוֹת, הַמַּיִם הָעוֹלִים בְּפִיו וּבִשְׂפָמוֹ, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. בְּחָטְמוֹ וּבְרֹאשׁוֹ וּבִזְקָנוֹ, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. הַמְמַלֵּא בְּחָבִית, הַמַּיִם הָעוֹלִים אַחֲרֶיהָ, וּבַחֶבֶל שֶׁהוּא מְכֻנָּן עַל צַוָּארָהּ, וּבַחֶבֶל שֶׁהוּא לְצָרְכָּהּ, הֲרֵי זֶה בְכִי יֻתַּן. כַּמָּה הוּא צָרְכָּהּ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, טֶפַח. נְתָנָהּ תַּחַת הַצִּנּוֹר, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן:

[If] one bends down to drink [from a river] the water that comes up in his mouth and on his mustache achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i> [a state where liquid put upon food makes it susceptible to impurity]. [The water that comes up] on his nose and on his head and in his beard does not achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. [If] one fills up a jar the water that comes up after it, and [the water] on the rope that is wound around its neck, and [the water] on the rope needed [for pulling it up] achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. How much [rope] is needed? Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: A hands-breadth. [If] one puts [the jar] under the gutter [of his roof] it does not achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>.

מִי שֶׁיָּרְדוּ עָלָיו גְּשָׁמִים, אֲפִלּוּ אַב הַטֻּמְאָה, אֵינוֹ בְכִי יֻתַּן. וְאִם נִעֵר, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. עָמַד תַּחַת הַצִּנּוֹר לְהָקֵר אוֹ לִדּוֹחַ, בְּטָמֵא, טְמֵאִין. וּבְטָהוֹר, בְּכִי יֻתַּן:

[If] rain fell on an individual it does it not achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i> [if the water subsequently falls from him onto fruit] even if he is an <i>Av HaTumah</i> [a principal source of impurity]. But if he shook [the water off] that does achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. [If] one stood under the [roof] gutter to cool himself or to wash himself: [If] he was impure [the water] is impure; and [if] he was pure that achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>.

הַכּוֹפֶה קְעָרָה עַל הַכֹּתֶל בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁתּוּדַח, הֲרֵי זֶה בְכִי יֻתַּן. אִם בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא יִלְקֶה הַכֹּתֶל, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן:

[If] one overturned a jar against the wall for it to get washed [by rain] that achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. If [he placed it there] to protect the wall [from the rain] that does not achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>.

חָבִית שֶׁיָּרַד הַדֶּלֶף לְתוֹכָהּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יְשַׁבֵּר. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, יְעָרֶה. וּמוֹדִים שֶׁהוּא מוֹשִׁיט אֶת יָדוֹ וְנוֹטֵל פֵּרוֹת מִתּוֹכָהּ, וְהֵם טְהוֹרִים:

[If] rain water dripped into a jar [of fruit], Beit Shammai say: He must break it; Beit Hillel say: He can pour [the water] out. And they agree that he can reach his hand into it and take fruit from it and it is pure.

עֲרֵבָה שֶׁיָּרַד הַדֶּלֶף לְתוֹכָהּ, הַנִּתָּזִין וְהַצָּפִין אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. נְטָלָהּ לְשָׁפְכָהּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. הִנִּיחָהּ שֶׁיֵּרֵד הַדֶּלֶף לְתוֹכָהּ, הַנִּתָּזִין וְהַצָּפִין, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. נְטָלָהּ לְשָׁפְכָהּ, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מוֹדִים שֶׁהֵן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. הַמַּטְבִּיל אֶת הַכֵּלִים וְהַמְכַבֵּס אֶת כְּסוּתוֹ בִּמְעָרָה, הַמַּיִם הָעוֹלִים בְּיָדָיו, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. בְּרַגְלָיו, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, אִם אִי אֶפְשָׁר לוֹ שֶׁיֵּרֵד אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נִטַּנְּפוּ רַגְלָיו, אַף הָעוֹלִין בְּרַגְלָיו בְּכִי יֻתַּן:

[If] rain water dripped into a trough, [water] that splashed [out] or that overflowed does not achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. [If] he took it [the trough] to pour out [the water] Beit Shammai say: That achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i> [if the water subsequently falls onto fruit]; Beit Hillel say: That does not achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. [If] he [initially] placed the trough so [the water] would drip into it, Beit Shammai say: Its [water] that splashes out or that overflows achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. Beit Hillel say: That does not achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. [If] he took it [the trough] to pour out [the water] both [schools] agree that that achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. [If] one immerses vessels or washes his clothing in a cave, the water that comes up on his hands achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>; [water that comes off] his legs does not achieve <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>. Rabbi Elazar says: If he cannot descend to the cave without his legs getting dirty, even [the water] that comes up on his legs achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>.

קֻפָּה שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה תֻרְמוֹסִין וּנְתָנוּהָ לְתוֹךְ מִקְוֶה, מוֹשִׁיט יָדוֹ וְנוֹטֵל תֻּרְמוֹסִין מִתּוֹכָהּ, וְהֵם טְהוֹרִים. הֶעֱלָם מִן הַמַּיִם, הַנּוֹגְעִים בַּקֻּפָּה, טְמֵאִים, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַתֻּרְמוֹסִים, טְהוֹרִים. צְנוֹן שֶׁבַּמְּעָרָה, נִדָּה מְדִיחָתוֹ וְהוּא טָהוֹר. הֶעֱלַתּוּ כָל שֶׁהוּא מִן הַמַּיִם, טָמֵא:

[If] a basket full of lupines was put into a <i>Mikveh</i> [ritual bath] one may reach his hand and take out the lupines from it [the basket] and they are [remain] pure [that is, not susceptible to impurity]. If he lifted them [the entire basket] from the water those that touch the basket are impure [subject to impurity] and all the rest of the lupines are pure. [If] a radish is in a cave, a <i>Niddah</i> [a woman who has menstruated and is thereby impure] may wash it and it [remains] pure. [If] she raised it out of the water at all it is impure.

פֵּרוֹת שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לְתוֹךְ אַמַּת הַמַּיִם, פָּשַׁט מִי שֶׁהָיוּ יָדָיו טְמֵאוֹת וּנְטָלָן, יָדָיו טְהוֹרוֹת וְהַפֵּרוֹת טְהוֹרִים. וְאִם חָשַׁב שֶׁיּוּדְחוּ יָדָיו, יָדָיו טְהוֹרוֹת וְהַפֵּרוֹת בְּכִי יֻתַּן:

[If] fruit fell into a water channel [and] an individual with impure hands reached his hands out and took them, his hands are pure and the fruit is pure. And if he intended [by his action] to wash his hands, his hands are pure and the fruit achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i>.

קְדֵרָה שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה מַיִם וּנְתוּנָה לְתוֹךְ הַמִּקְוֶה וּפָשַׁט אַב הַטֻּמְאָה אֶת יָדוֹ לְתוֹכָהּ, טְמֵאָה. מַגַּע טֻמְאוֹת, טְהוֹרָה. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין, טְמֵאִין, שֶׁאֵין הַמַּיִם מְטַהֲרִים אֶת שְׁאָר הַמַּשְׁקִין:

[If] an [earthenware] pot that is full of water is put into a <i>Mikveh</i> and an <i>Av HaTumah</i> reached out his hand into it [the pot], it [the pot] is [thereby] impure. [If] one who had contact with impurities [that is, he had touched an <i>Av HaTumah</i>] it [the pot] is [remains] pure. And [if it were] any other liquid [in the pot], [they] are impure because the water [of the <i>Mikvah</i>] does not purify other the liquids.

הַמְמַלֵּא בְקִילוֹן, עַד שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים, טְמֵאִין. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אִם נִגְּבוּ, מִיָּד טְהוֹרִים. וְאִם לֹא נִגְּבוּ, אֲפִלּוּ עַד שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, טְמֵאִים:

[If] one filled [water] through an irrigation channel [the water] is impure [makes food susceptible to impurity] for up to three days [afterwards]. Rabbi Akiva says: If it dries up, it is immediately pure; and if it is not dried it is impure [makes food susceptible to impurity] for up to thirty days.

עֵצִים שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עֲלֵיהֶם מַשְׁקִין וְיָרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶם גְּשָׁמִים, אִם רַבּוּ, טְהוֹרִים. הוֹצִיאָם שֶׁיֵּרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶם גְּשָׁמִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁרַבּוּ, טְמֵאִים. בָּלְעוּ מַשְׁקִים טְמֵאִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוֹצִיאָם שֶׁיֵּרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶם גְּשָׁמִים, טְהוֹרִין. וְלֹא יַסִּיקֵם אֶלָּא בְיָדַיִם טְהוֹרוֹת בִּלְבָד. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיוּ לַחִין וְהִסִּיקָן, וְרַבּוּ הַמַּשְׁקִין הַיּוֹצְאִין מֵהֶן עַל הַמַּשְׁקִין שֶׁבָּלְעוּ, טְהוֹרִים:

[If] liquids fell upon wood and [then] rain fell on it: [If the amount of rain] exceeded [the other liquid, the latter] is pure. [If] he took it [the wood] out so that rain would fall on it, [the other liquid] is impure even if [the amount of rain] exceeded [the other]. If [the wood] absorbed impure liquids, [the rain water] is pure even though he took it out so that rain would fall on it. And he may only burn the wood with pure hands. Rabbi Shimon says: If it was wet and he burned it and [the amount] of liquid that emerges exceeds [the amount] of liquid that is absorbed, it is pure.