Makhshirin 2

זֵעַת בָּתִּים, בּוֹרוֹת, שִׁיחִין וּמְעָרוֹת, טְהוֹרָה. זֵעַת הָאָדָם, טְהוֹרָה. שָׁתָה מַיִם טְמֵאִין וְהִזִּיעַ, זֵעָתוֹ טְהוֹרָה. בָּא בְמַיִם שְׁאוּבִים וְהִזִּיעַ, זֵעָתוֹ טְמֵאָה. נִסְתַּפֵּג וְאַחַר כָּךְ הִזִּיעַ, זֵעָתוֹ טְהוֹרָה:

Moisture [on the walls of] houses, cisterns, trenches and caves is pure [it does not make food susceptible to impurity]. A person's sweat is pure. [If] one drank impure water and [then] sweated his sweat is pure. If he went into drawn water and [then] sweated his sweat is impure [makes food susceptible to impurity]. If he dried himself off and then sweated his sweat is pure.

מֶרְחָץ טְמֵאָה, זֵעָתָהּ טְמֵאָה. וּטְהוֹרָה, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. הַבְּרֵכָה שֶׁבַּבַּיִת, הַבַּיִת מַזִּיעַ מֵחֲמָתָהּ, אִם טְמֵאָה, זֵעַת כָּל הַבַּיִת שֶׁמֵּחֲמַת הַבְּרֵכָה, טְמֵאָה:

Moisture from an impure bathhouse [that is, the water in it is impure] is impure. And [moisture from] a pure [bathhouse] achieves <i>BeKhi Yutan</i> [a state where liquid put upon food makes it susceptible to impurity]. [If] there is a pool in the house and the house [walls] exude moisture because of it, if [the pool] is impure, the moisture of the whole house caused by the pool is impure.

שְׁתֵּי בְרֵכוֹת, אַחַת טְהוֹרָה וְאַחַת טְמֵאָה, הַמַּזִּיעַ קָרוֹב לַטְּמֵאָה, טָמֵא. קָרוֹב לַטְּהוֹרָה, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. בַּרְזֶל טָמֵא שֶׁבְּלָלוֹ עִם בַּרְזֶל טָהוֹר, אִם רֹב מִן הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְאִם רֹב מִן הַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. גִּסְטְרָיוֹת שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְנָכְרִים מַטִּילִין לְתוֹכָהּ, אִם רֹב מִן הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְאִם רֹב מִן הַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. מֵי שְׁפִיכוּת שֶׁיָּרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶן מֵי גְשָׁמִים, אִם רֹב מִן הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְאִם רֹב מִן הַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁקָּדְמוּ מֵי שְׁפִיכוּת. אֲבָל אִם קָדְמוּ מֵי גְשָׁמִים, אֲפִלּוּ כָל שֶׁהֵן, לְמֵי שְׁפִיכוּת, טָמֵא:

[If a house has] two pools, one that is pure and one that is impure, [and the wall that] exudes moisture is close to the impure one [the moisture] is impure; [if the wall that exudes moisture] is close to the pure one [its moisture] is pure. If it is half and half [they are equidistant to the moisture] it is impure. [If] one mixed impure iron with pure iron [in fashioning a utensil]: If the majority [of it] is from impure [metal] it is impure; and if the majority is from pure [metal] it is pure; [if] it is half and half it is impure. [If there are] chamber-pots which Jews and gentiles make use of: If most [of the urine] is impure [that is, from the gentiles] it is impure; if most [of the urine] is pure it is pure; [if it is half and half] it is impure. [If] rain water fell into waste water: If most [of the mixture] is from the impure [waste water] it is impure; and if most is from the pure [rain water] it is pure; [if] it is half and half it is impure. When [are these laws applicable]? When the waste water came first [and the rain fell into it]; but if the rain water came first [the mixture] is impure even if it [the rain] was a trace amount into which the waste water [fell].

הַטּוֹרֵף אֶת גַּגּוֹ וְהַמְכַבֵּס אֶת כְּסוּתוֹ וְיָרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶן גְּשָׁמִים, אִם רֹב מִן הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְאִם רֹב מִן הַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם הוֹסִיפוּ לְנַטֵּף:

[If] one plasters his roof or launders his clothing and rain fell into them [the waste water used for those activities]: [If] most [of the mixture] is from the impure [waste water] it is impure; and if most it is from the pure [rain water] it is pure; [if] it is half and half it is impure. Rabbi Yehudah says: If [the volume of] the dripping increased.

עִיר שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְנָכְרִים דָּרִים בָּהּ וְהָיָה בָהּ מֶרְחָץ מַרְחֶצֶת בְּשַׁבָּת, אִם רֹב נָכְרִים, רוֹחֵץ מִיָּד. וְאִם רֹב יִשְׂרָאֵל, יַמְתִּין כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּחַמּוּ הַחַמִּין. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, יַמְתִּין כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּחַמּוּ הַחַמִּין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בְּאַמְבָּטִי קְטַנָּה, אִם יֶשׁ בָּהּ רָשׁוּת, רוֹחֵץ בָּהּ מִיָּד:

[If there is] a city where Jews and gentiles live and there is a bathhouse in it that is used on Shabbat: [If] most [of the residents] are gentiles one may bathe there immediately [after Shabbat]; and if the majority are Jews one must wait [the time it takes for] the water to be heated; [and if] it is half and half one must wait [the time it takes for] the water to be heated. Rabbi Yehudah says: One may bathe in a small bathhouse immediately if there are officials [who use it].

מָצָא בָהּ יָרָק נִמְכָּר, אִם רֹב נָכְרִים, לוֹקֵחַ מִיָּד. וְאִם רֹב יִשְׂרָאֵל, יַמְתִּין כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ מִמָּקוֹם קָרוֹב. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, יַמְתִּין כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ מִמָּקוֹם קָרוֹב. וְאִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ רָשׁוּת, לוֹקֵחַ מִיָּד:

[If] one found vegetables [picked on Shabbat] being sold there [the city]: If most [of the residents] are gentiles one may buy [them] immediately [after Shabbat]; and if the majority are Jews one must wait [the time it takes for the produce] to come from a distant place; [and if] it is half and half one must wait [the time it takes for the produce] to come from a distant place. And if there are officials there one may buy immediately.

מָצָא בָהּ תִּינוֹק מֻשְׁלָךְ, אִם רֹב נָכְרִים, נָכְרִי. וְאִם רֹב יִשְׂרָאֵל, יִשְׂרָאֵל. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, יִשְׂרָאֵל. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר רֹב הַמַּשְׁלִיכִין:

[If] one found an abandoned child there [in the city]: If most [of the residents] are gentiles it is a gentile; and if most are Jews it is a Jew; [and if] it is half and half it is a Jew. Rabbi Yehudah says: We follow the majority of people who abandon [children].

מָצָא בָהּ מְצִיאָה, אִם רֹב נָכְרִים, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהַכְרִיז. וְאִם רֹב יִשְׂרָאֵל, צָרִיךְ לְהַכְרִיז. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, צָרִיךְ לְהַכְרִיז. מָצָא בָהּ פַּת, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר רֹב הַנַּחְתּוֹמִין. וְאִם הָיְתָה פַת עִסָּה, הוֹלְכִים אַחַר רֹב אוֹכְלֵי פַת עִסָּה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיְתָה פַת קִבָּר, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר רֹב אוֹכְלֵי פַת קִבָּר:

[If] one found a lost object there [in the city]: If most [of the residents] are gentiles one need not proclaim [that he has found something]; and if most are Jews one must proclaim; [and if] it is half and half he must proclaim. [If] one found bread there [in the city] we follow the majority of the bakers; and if it was bread of pure flour we follow the majority of those who eat pure flour. Rabbi Yehudah says: If it was bread of coarse flour we follow the majority of those who eat coarse flour.

מָצָא בָהּ בָּשָׂר, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר רֹב הַטַּבָּחִים. אִם הָיָה מְבֻשָּׁל, הוֹלְכִים אַחַר רֹב אוֹכְלֵי בָשָׂר מְבֻשָּׁל:

[If] one found meat there [in the city] we follow the majority of the butchers. If it was cooked we follow the majority of those who eat cooked meat.

הַמּוֹצֵא פֵרוֹת בַּדֶּרֶךְ, אִם רֹב מַכְנִיסִין לְבָתֵּיהֶן, פָּטוּר. וְלִמְכֹּר בַּשּׁוּק, חַיָּב. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, דְּמַאי. אוֹצָר שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְנָכְרִים מַטִּילִין לְתוֹכוֹ, אִם רֹב נָכְרִים, וַדַּאי. וְאִם רֹב יִשְׂרָאֵל, דְּמַאי. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, וַדַּאי, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֲפִלּוּ כֻלָּם נָכְרִים וְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֶחָד מַטִּיל לְתוֹכוֹ, דְּמַאי:

[If] one found fruit on the road: If most [farmers normally] bring it into their houses it is exempt [from <i>Ma'aser</i> and <i>Terumah</i>]; and [if most farmers bring it] to sell it in the market it is liable [for <i>Ma'aser</i> and <i>Terumah</i>]. [If] it is half and half it is <i>Demai</i> [produce from which it is uncertain whether tithes were already taken]. [If there is a storehouse] into which Jews and gentiles deposit [their produce]: If the majority [of the individuals] are gentiles [the produce] is certain [<i>Tevel</i> - produce from which tithes and priestly gifts have not yet been taken]; and if the majority are Jews it is <i>Demai</i>. [If] it is half and half it is certain [<i>Tevel</i>], these are the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: Even if all of them are gentiles and one Jew deposited [produce] in it - it is <i>Demai</i>.

פֵּרוֹת שְׁנִיָּה שֶׁרַבּוּ עַל שֶׁל שְׁלִישִׁית, וְשֶׁל שְׁלִישִׁית עַל שֶׁל רְבִיעִית, וְשֶׁל רְבִיעִית עַל שֶׁל חֲמִישִׁית, וְשֶׁל חֲמִישִׁית עַל שֶׁל שִׁשִּׁית, וְשֶׁל שִׁשִּׁית עַל שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית, וְשֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית עַל שֶׁל מוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הָרֹב. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, לְהַחֲמִיר:

[If] fruit of the second [year of the sabbatical cycle became mixed with and] exceeded that of third [year fruit], or [if] fruit of the third [year became mixed with and exceeded] that of fourth [year fruit], or [if] fruit of the fourth [year became mixed with and exceeded] that of fifth [year fruit], or [if] fruit of the fifth [year became mixed with and exceeded] that of sixth [year fruit], or [if] fruit of the sixth [year became mixed with and exceeded] that of seventh [year fruit], or [if] fruit of the seventh [year became mixed with and exceeded fruit] of the [year] following the seventh, we follow the majority. If it is half and half [we act] stringently.