Kilayim 2

Chapter 2

אכָּלKolסְאָהSeaשֶׁיֶּשׁSheyyeshבּוֹBoרֹבַעRovaמִמִּיןMimminאַחֵר,Akheir,יְמַעֵט.Yemaeit.רַבִּיRabbiיוֹסֵיYoseiאוֹמֵר,Omeir,יָבֹר.Yavor.בֵּיןBeinמִמִּיןMimminאֶחָדEkhadבֵּיןBeinמִשְּׁנֵיMishsheneiמִינִין.Minin.רַבִּיRabbiשִׁמְעוֹןShimonאוֹמֵר,Omeir,לֹאLoאָמְרוּAmeruאֶלָּאEllaמִמִּיןMimminאֶחָד.Ekhad.וַחֲכָמִיםVakhakhamimאוֹמְרִים,Omerim,כָּלKolשֶׁהוּאShehuכִלְאַיִםKhilayimבַּסְּאָהBasseaמִצְטָרֵףMitstareifלְרֹבַע:Lerova:

1If a se'ah [specific unit of volume] contains one quarter [of a kav] of another species [of seed], the [ratio] must be reduced; Rabbi Yose says: he must pick [all of it out] whether it [the quarter kav] is of one species or two species; Rabbi Shimon says: They only said [the rule that it must be reduced] if there is one species. The Sages say: all that is kilayim within the se'ah combines to make up the quarter kav.

בבַּמֶּהBammehדְבָרִיםDevarimאֲמוּרִים.Amurim.תְּבוּאָהTevuaבִתְבוּאָהVitvuaוְקִטְנִיתVekitnitבְּקִטְנִית,Bekitnit,תְּבוּאָהTevuaבְקִטְנִיתVekitnitוְקִטְנִיתVekitnitבִּתְבוּאָה.Bitvua.בֶּאֱמֶתBeemetאָמְרוּ,Ameru,זֵרְעוֹנֵיZeireoneiגִנָּהGinnaשֶׁאֵינָןSheeinanנֶאֱכָלִין,Neekhalin,מִצְטָרְפִיןMitstarefinאֶחָדEkhadמֵעֶשְׂרִיםMeiesrimוְאַרְבַּעVearbaבְּנוֹפֵלBenofeilלְבֵיתLeveitסְאָה.Sea.רַבִּיRabbiשִׁמְעוֹןShimonאוֹמֵר,Omeir,כְּשֵׁםKesheimשֶׁאָמְרוּSheameruלְהַחְמִירLehakhmirכָּךְKakhאָמְרוּAmeruלְהָקֵל,Lehakeil,הַפִּשְׁתָּןHappishtanבַּתְּבוּאָהBattevuaמִצְטָרֶפֶתMitstarefetאֶחָדEkhadמֵעֶשְׂרִיםMeiesrimוְאַרְבַּעVearbaבְּנוֹפֵלBenofeilלְבֵיתLeveitסְאָה:Sea:

2When were these words said [when does this apply]? [With respect to] grain with [a different species of] grain, legumes with [a different species of] legumes, grain with legumes, and legumes with grain. Rightly they have said [the term signifies a ruling handed down by Moshe from Sinai] that all kinds of garden seeds which are not used as food, combine to make up one twenty-fourth [to be considerd kilayim] of that which falls [is sown] into each beit se'ah [a measure of area, equivalent to that area of land large enough to require a Se'ah of seeds to sow it]. Rabbi Shimon says, just as they said [their ruling to result] in stringency, so too they said [their ruling to result] in leniency. Flax with grain combine to make up one twenty-fourth of that which falls [is sown] into a beit se'ah.

גהָיְתָהHayetaשָׂדֵהוּSadeihuזְרוּעָהZeruaחִטִּיםKhittimוְנִמְלַךְVenimlakhלְזָרְעָהּLezareahשְׂעוֹרִים,Seorim,יַמְתִּיןYamtinלָהּLahעַדAdשֶׁתַּתְלִיעַ,Shettatlia,וְיוֹפַךְ,Veyofakh,וְאַחַרVeakharכָּךְKakhיִזְרַע.Yizra.אִםImצִמְּחָה,Tsimmekha,לֹאLoיֹאמַרYomarאֶזְרַעEzraוְאַחַרVeakharכָּךְKakhאוֹפָךְ,Ofakh,אֶלָּאEllaהוֹפֵךְHofeikhוְאַחַרVeakharכָּךְKakhזוֹרֵעַ.Zoreia.כַּמָּהKammaיְהֵאYeheiחוֹרֵשׁ,Khoreish,כְּתַלְמֵיKetalmeiהָרְבִיעָה.Harevia.אַבָּאAbbaשָׁאוּלShaulאוֹמֵר,Omeir,כְּדֵיKedeiשֶׁלֹּאShelloיְשַׁיֵּרYeshayyeirרֹבַעRovaלְבֵיתLeveitסְאָה:Sea:

3If a man's field was sown with wheat and then he decided to sow it with barley, he must wait until it [the wheat seeds] become wormy [rots in the soil] and then [he must] turn it over [with a plow so that it does not grow] and afterwards he may sow [the barley]. If it [the wheat] has has already sprouted, he is not to say, "I will [first] sow [the barley], and then I will turn it over," but he must turn it over, and afterwards sow. How much must he plow? Like the forrows [he would plow] after the first rain [wide firrows]. Abba Shaul says, [He must plow] so that he does not leave [unplowed] as much [ground] as holds a quarter kav to a beit se'ah.

דזְרוּעָהZeruaוְנִמְלַךְVenimlakhלְנָטְעָהּ,Lenateah,לֹאLoיֹאמַרYomarאֶטַּעEttaוְאַחַרVeakharכָּךְKakhאוֹפָךְ,Ofakh,אֶלָּאEllaהוֹפֵךְHofeikhוְאַחַרVeakharכָּךְKakhנוֹטֵעַ.Noteia.נְטוּעָהNetuaוְנִמְלַךְVenimlakhלְזָרְעָהּ,Lezareah,לֹאLoיֹאמַרYomarאֶזְרַעEzraוְאַחַרVeakharכָּךְKakhאֲשָׁרֵשׁ,Ashareish,אֶלָּאEllaמְשָׁרֵשׁMeshareishוְאַחַרVeakharכָּךְKakhזוֹרֵעַ.Zoreia.אִםImרָצָה,Ratsa,גּוֹמֵםGomeimעַדAdפָּחוֹתPakhotמִטֶּפַח,Mittefakh,זוֹרֵעַ,Zoreia,וְאַחַרVeakharכָּךְKakhמְשָׁרֵשׁ:Meshareish:

4If a man's field was sown [with grain or legumes] and then he decided to plant it [with vines], he is not to say, "I will [first] plant and then I will turn it over," but he must turn it over and afterwards plant. If it was planted [with vines] and then he decided to sow it, he is not to say, "I will [first] sow and then uproot," but he must [first] uproot, and then sow. [But], if he desires, he may cut down [the vines] to less than a handbreadth [of the ground and then] sow, and afterwards uproot.

ההָיְתָהHayetaשָׂדֵהוּSadeihuזְרוּעָהZeruaקַנְבּוֹסKanbosאוֹOלוּף,Luf,לֹאLoיְהֵאYeheiזוֹרֵעַZoreiaוּבָאUvaעַלAlגַּבֵּיהֶם,Gabbeihem,שֶׁאֵינָןSheeinanעוֹשִׂיןOsinאֶלָּאEllaלִשְׁלֹשָׁהLishloshaשָׁנִים.Shanim.תְּבוּאָהTevuaשֶׁעָלָהShealaבָהּVahסְפִיחֵיSefikheiאִסְטִיס,Istis,וְכֵןVekheinמְקוֹםMekomהַגְּרָנוֹתHaggeranotשֶׁעָלוּShealuבָהֶןVahenמִינִיןMininהַרְבֵּה,Harbeh,וְכֵןVekheinתִּלְתָּןTiltanשֶׁהֶעֱלָהSheheelaמִינֵיMineiצְמָחִים,Tsemakhim,אֵיןEinמְחַיְּבִיןMekhayyevinאוֹתוֹOtoלְנַכֵּשׁ.Lenakkeish.אִםImנִכֵּשׁNikkeishאוֹOכִסַּח,Khissakh,אוֹמְרִיםOmerimלוֹ,Lo,עֲקֹרAkorאֶתEtהַכֹּלHakkolחוּץKhutsמִמִּיןMimminאֶחָד:Ekhad:

5If a man's field has been sown with hemp, or ‏luf [bulb type plant], he may not sow [on top of them], because they [do not rot and] only produce after three years [anything planted on top would constitute kilayim]. [A field of] grain that an aftergrowth of istis sprouted, similarly, if on the threshing floor different species sprouted [which are harmful to threshing], or if among fenugreek different species have sprouted [which are harmful to the fenugreek] we do not require him to weed them out. If he has weeded or cut them, we must tell him, "Uproot everything except one species."

והָרוֹצֶהHarotsehלַעֲשׂוֹתLaasotשָׂדֵהוּSadeihuמֵשָׁרMeisharמֵשָׁרMeisharמִכָּלMikkolמִין,Min,בֵּיתBeitשַׁמַּאיShammayאוֹמְרִים,Omerim,שְׁלֹשָׁהSheloshaתְלָמִיםTelamimשֶׁלShelפָּתִיחַ.Patiakh.וּבֵיתUveitהִלֵּלHilleilאוֹמְרִים,Omerim,מְלֹאMeloהָעֹלHaolהַשָּׁרוֹנִי.Hashsharoni.וּקְרוֹבִיןUkerovinדִּבְרֵיDivreiאֵלּוּEilluלִהְיוֹתLihyotכְּדִבְרֵיKedivreiאֵלּוּ:Eillu:

6If a man wishes to lay out his field in [straight] beds each sown with a different species, [how much space must he leave between the beds] Beit Shammai says, [the width of] three ridges on the furrowed field and Beit Hillel says, the width of a Sharon yoke [which is a wider than normal yoke]. The words of these and the words of those are very close to each other [there is not much difference between them].

זהָיָהHayaרֹאשׁRoshתּוֹרTorחִטִּיםKhittimנִכְנָסNikhnasבְּתוֹךְBetokhשֶׁלShelשְׂעוֹרִים,Seorim,מֻתָּר,Muttar,מִפְּנֵיMippeneiשֶׁהוּאShehuנִרְאֶהNirehכְּסוֹףKesofשָׂדֵהוּ.Sadeihu.שֶׁלּוֹShelloחִטִּיםKhittimוְשֶׁלVeshelחֲבֵרוֹKhaveiroמִיןMinאַחֵר,Akheir,מֻתָּרMuttarלִסְמֹךְLismokhלוֹLoמֵאוֹתוֹMeiotoהַמִּין.Hammin.שֶׁלּוֹShelloחִטִּיםKhittimוְשֶׁלVeshelחֲבֵרוֹKhaveiroחִטִּים,Khittim,מֻתָּרMuttarלִסְמֹךְLismokhלוֹLoתֶּלֶםTelemשֶׁלShelפִּשְׁתָּן,Pishtan,וְלֹאVeloתֶלֶםTelemשֶׁלShelמִיןMinאַחֵר.Akheir.רַבִּיRabbiשִׁמְעוֹןShimonאוֹמֵר,Omeir,אֶחָדEkhadזֶרַעZeraפִּשְׁתָּןPishtanוְאֶחָדVeekhadכָּלKolהַמִּינִין.Hamminin.רַבִּיRabbiיוֹסֵיYoseiאוֹמֵר,Omeir,אַףAfבְּאֶמְצַעBeemtsaשָׂדֵהוּSadeihuמֻתָּרMuttarלִבְדֹּקLivdokבְּתֶלֶםBetelemשֶׁלShelפִּשְׁתָּן:Pishtan:

7If a triangular corner point of a wheat [field] enters into a [neighboring] barley [field] it is permitted [it is not considered kilayim], because it is obvious that it is the end of the field. If his [field is sown] with wheat and his neighbor's [is sown] with a different species, it is permitted to sow close [to the neighbor's field] the same species [as the neighbor's field]. If his [field is sown] with wheat, and his neighbor's is [also sown] with wheat, he is permitted to sow close [to the neighbor's field] a furrow of flax [since flax is not ususally sown with wheat], but not a different species. Rabbi Shimon says, it is the same whether it is flax or any other species [they are all prohibited]. Rabbi Yose says, even in the middle of the [wheat], one may experiment with a furrow of flax [it is not considered kilayim].

חאֵיןEinסוֹמְכִיןSomekhinלִשְׂדֵהLisdehתְבוּאָהTevuaחַרְדָּלKhardalוְחָרִיעַ,Vekharia,אֲבָלAvalסוֹמְכִיןSomekhinלִשְׂדֵהLisdehיְרָקוֹתYerakotחַרְדָּלKhardalוְחָרִיעַ.Vekharia.וְסוֹמֵךְVesomeikhלְבוּר,Levur,וּלְנִיר,Ulenir,וּלְגָפָה,Ulegafa,וּלְדֶרֶךְ,Ulederekh,וּלְגָדֵרUlegadeirגָּבוֹהַּGavoahעֲשָׂרָהAsaraטְפָחִים,Tefakhim,וּלְחָרִיץUlekharitsשֶׁהוּאShehuעָמֹקAmokעֲשָׂרָהAsaraוְרָחָבVerakhavאַרְבָּעָה,Arbaa,וּלְאִילָןUleilanשֶׁהוּאShehuמֵסֵךְMeiseikhעַלAlהָאָרֶץ,Haarets,וּלְסֶלַעUleselaגָּבוֹהַּGavoahעֲשָׂרָהAsaraוְרָחָבVerakhavאַרְבָּעָה:Arbaa:

8It is prohibited to sow mustard or wild saffron close to a field of grain, but mustard or wild saffron may be sown close to a vegetable field. [One may] sow [different species] close to a fallow field, a plowed field, a [loose] stone fence, a road, a fence ten handbreadths high, a ditch that is ten [handbreadths] deep and four [handbreadths] wide, a tree that overshadows the ground [its branches are less that three handbreadths off the ground] or a rock that is ten [handbreadths] high and four [handbreadths] wide.

טהָרוֹצֶהHarotsehלַעֲשׂוֹתLaasotשָׂדֵהוּSadeihuקָרַחַתKarakhatקָרַחַתKarakhatמִכָּלMikkolמִין,Min,עוֹשֶׂהOsehעֶשְׂרִיםEsrimוְאַרְבַּעVearbaקָרָחוֹתKarakhotלְבֵיתLeveitסְאָה,Sea,מִקָּרַחַתMikkarakhatלְבֵיתLeveitרֹבַע,Rova,וְזוֹרֵעַVezoreiaבְּתוֹכָהּBetokhahכָּלKolמִיןMinשֶׁיִּרְצֶה.Sheyyirtseh.הָיְתָהHayetaקָרַחַתKarakhatאַחַתAkhatאוֹOשְׁתַּיִם,Shetayim,זוֹרְעָםZoreamחַרְדָּל.Khardal.שָׁלֹשׁ,Shalosh,לֹאLoיִזְרַעYizraחַרְדָּל,Khardal,מִפְּנֵיMippeneiשֶׁהִיאShehiנִרְאֵיתNireitכִּשְׂדֵהKisdehחַרְדָּל,Khardal,דִּבְרֵיDivreiרַבִּיRabbiמֵאִיר.Meiir.וַחֲכָמִיםVakhakhamimאוֹמְרִים,Omerim,תֵּשַׁעTeishaקָרָחוֹתKarakhotמֻתָּרוֹת,Muttarot,עֶשֶׂרEserאֲסוּרוֹת.Asurot.רַבִּיRabbiאֱלִיעֶזֶרEliezerבֶּןBenיַעֲקֹבYaakovאוֹמֵר,Omeir,אֲפִלּוּAfilluכָלKholשָׂדֵהוּSadeihuבֵּיתBeitכּוֹר,Kor,לֹאLoיַעֲשֶׂהYaasehבְתוֹכָהּVetokhahחוּץKhutsמִקָּרַחַתMikkarakhatאַחַת:Akhat:

9If a man desires to lay out his field into patches [each to be sown] with differing species, he may make [divide it into] twenty-four patches of a beit se'ah, each patch one beit rova [specific unit of volume] and may sow whatever species he so desires [in them]. If [in a grain field] there are one or two patches [each less than a beit rova], he may sow them with mustard ; [if there were] three, he may not sow them with mustard for it will look like a mustard field, these are the words Rabbi Meir. The Sages say, Nine patches [for each beit se'ah] are permitted [to be sown with whatever you desire], ten are prohibited . Rabbi Eleazar ben Yaakov says, Even if his entire field is a beit kor [specific unit of volume], he may not make [sow] in it more that one patch.

יכָּלKolשֶׁהוּאShehuבְתוֹךְVetokhבֵּיתBeitרֹבַע,Rova,עוֹלֶהOlehבְמִדַּתVemiddatבֵּיתBeitרֹבַע.Rova.אֲכִילַתAkhilatהַגֶּפֶןHaggefenוְהַקֶּבֶרVehakkeverוְהַסֶּלַע,Vehassela,עוֹלִיןOlinבְּמִדַּתBemiddatבֵּיתBeitרֹבַע.Rova.תְּבוּאָהTevuaבִתְבוּאָה,Vitvua,בֵּיתBeitרֹבַע.Rova.יָרָקYarakבְּיָרָק,Beyarak,שִׁשָּׁהShishshaטְפָחִים.Tefakhim.תְּבוּאָהTevuaבְיָרָק,Veyarak,יָרָקYarakבִּתְבוּאָה,Bitvua,בֵּיתBeitרֹבַע.Rova.רַבִּיRabbiאֱלִיעֶזֶרEliezerאוֹמֵר,Omeir,יָרָקYarakבִּתְבוּאָה,Bitvua,שִׁשָּׁהShishshaטְפָחִים:Tefakhim:

10Everything [even areas unsuitable for sowing] that is within the beit rova is included in the measurement of a beit rova [necessary for a separation]. [Thus] the area around the vine, or a grave, or a rock, is included in the measurement of a beit rova. Grains [planted next to] other grains [require a separating distance of] a beit rova. Herbs [planted next to] other herbs [require a separating distance of] six handbreadths. Grains [planted next to] herbs, or herbs [planted next to] grains, [require a separating distance of] a beit rova. Rabbi Eliezer says, herbs [planted next to] grains, require a separating distance of] six handbreadths.

יאתְּבוּאָהTevuaנוֹטָהNotaעַלAlגַּבֵּיGabbeiתְבוּאָה,Tevua,וְיָרָקVeyarakעַלAlגַּבֵּיGabbeiיָרָק,Yarak,תְּבוּאָהTevuaעַלAlגַּבֵּיGabbeiיָרָק,Yarak,יָרָקYarakעַלAlגַּבֵּיGabbeiתְבוּאָה,Tevua,הַכֹּלHakkolמֻתָּר,Muttar,חוּץKhutsמִדְּלַעַתMiddelaatיְוָנִית.Yevanit.רַבִּיRabbiמֵאִירMeiirאוֹמֵר,Omeir,אַףAfהַקִּשּׁוּתHakkishshutוּפוֹלUfolהַמִּצְרִי,Hammitsri,וְרוֹאֶהVeroehאֲנִיAniאֶתEtדִּבְרֵיהֶןDivreihenמִדְּבָרָי:Middevaray:

11Grains that are bending [growing] over other grains, herbs over [other] herbs, grains over herbs, or herbs over grains, are all permitted, except for Greek gourds. Rabbi Meir says, also cucumbers and Egyptian beans [are prohibited], nevertheless, I prefer their [the Sages'] words to my words.

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