Mishnah
Mishnah

Talmud for Yoma 2:2

מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהָיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם שָׁוִין וְרָצִין וְעוֹלִין בַּכֶּבֶשׁ, וְדָחַף אֶחָד מֵהֶן אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ, וְנָפַל וְנִשְׁבְּרָה רַגְלוֹ. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁרָאוּ בֵית דִּין שֶׁבָּאִין לִידֵי סַכָּנָה, הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁלֹּא יְהוּ תוֹרְמִין אֶת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אֶלָּא בְפַיִס. אַרְבָּעָה פְיָסוֹת הָיוּ שָׁם, וְזֶה הַפַּיִס הָרִאשׁוֹן:

Two (priests) were once running neck to neck up the ramp, when one of them pushed his neighbor, who fell and broke his leg. When beth-din saw that there was risk in this, they instituted that the removal of the ashes be awarded only by lottery [as described above]. There were four lotteries there (in the Temple). [They would assemble for lotteries four times a day, and not conduct all at the same time, in order to raise a din four times, there being a large crowd in the azarah. And this is to the honor of the King, viz. (Psalms 55:15): "In the house of G d we went resoundingly!"] This is the first lottery.

Jerusalem Talmud Shekalim

MISHNAH: These are the appointees who were in the Sanctuary1The permanent officers of the Temple who organized the service which was executed by the families of the clans of Cohanim, who came to serve in turn for one week. Different in Tosephta 2:14–15.: Joḥanan ben Phineas of the seals2As explained in Mishnah 4, a person who brings an animal as sacrifice to the Temple buys from the Temple the appropriate flour and wine offerings (as detailed in Num. 15:1–12). The “seal” (or ”signature”) is a ticket stamped with one of different stamps. The worshipper buys the ticket from the keeper of seals and delivers it to the keeper of libations who then gives him the correct amount to give to the officiating priests., Aḥiyya of the libations, Mathew ben Samuel of the lotteries3The lotteries which distribute the different duties to the priests who came to serve for one week, as explained in Yoma Chapter 2., Petaḥiah of the nests4He organizes the sale of “nests”, couples of pigeons or turtle doves, needed for several purification rites.. Petaḥiah is Mordecai. Why was he called Petaḥiah? For he had original ideas5In the interpretation of biblical verses. and explained them, and he knew seventy languages6In Ezra2:2 and Neḥemiah7:7 in the list of returnees from Babylonia one finds Mordecai Bilshan, where the traditional interpretation is to consider the second name not as an independent (Babylonian) name but an epithet “linguist” of Mordecai. (In modern Hebrew, by mispronunciation “linguist” is balshan.) A linguist is a person who knows the languages of all of the 70 peoples enumerated in Gen. 7..
Ben Aḥiyyah for indigestion; Onias the digger of ditches, Gabinius the herald, Ben Gever for locking the doors, Ben Bevai for the oakum. Ben Arza for the cymbal, Hugdas ben Levi for the song. The family Garmu for the shew-bread, the family Eutinos for producing the incense. Eleazar for the gobelins, and Phineas the clothier.
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Jerusalem Talmud Shekalim

“Ben Gever for locking the doors.” Rav explained for the House of Rebbi Shila, “when gever called47Mishnah Yoma1:8.” as “when the herald proclaimed.” They said to him, “when the rooster called.” He said to them, did we not state “Ben Gever”? Could you say, “the son of the rooster”?
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