Talmud for Eruvin 2:5

וְעוֹד אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בָּבָא, הַגִּנָּה וְהַקַּרְפֵּף שֶׁהֵן שִׁבְעִים אַמָּה וְשִׁירַיִם עַל שִׁבְעִים אַמָּה וְשִׁירַיִם, מֻקֶּפֶת גָּדֵר גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, מְטַלְטְלִין בְּתוֹכָהּ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בָהּ שׁוֹמֵירָה אוֹ בֵית דִּירָה, אוֹ שֶׁתְּהֵא סְמוּכָה לָעִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ אֵין בָּהּ אֶלָּא בוֹר וְשִׁיחַ וּמְעָרָה, מְטַלְטְלִין בְּתוֹכָהּ. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ אֵין בָּהּ אַחַת מִכָּל אֵלּוּ, מְטַלְטְלִין בְּתוֹכָהּ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בָהּ שִׁבְעִים אַמָּה וְשִׁירַיִם עַל שִׁבְעִים אַמָּה וְשִׁירָיִם. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיָה אָרְכָּהּ יָתֵר עַל רָחְבָּהּ אֲפִלּוּ אַמָּה אַחַת, אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין בְּתוֹכָהּ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ אָרְכָּהּ פִּי שְׁנַיִם בְּרָחְבָּהּ, מְטַלְטְלִין בְּתוֹכָהּ:

R. Yehudah b. Bava said further: It is permitted to carry in a garden and a karpef which are seventy cubits and a remnant by seventy cubits and a remnant surrounded by a gate ten tefachim high [Since he stated one stringency vis-à-vis boards, i.e., that they may be used only for a public well, and he now states another stringency, that even when serving for habitation more than beth sa'atayim was not permitted, "further" is stated.] so long as there be within it a watcher's booth [(For even though it serves for habitation, only beth sa'atayim is permitted, and not more)], or a house to dwell in, or (so long as it be) close to the city. [For since it is close to his house, he intends to use it constantly, so that it is regarded as serving for habitation.] R. Yehudah says: Even if there is within it only a hole, a pit, or a cave, he may carry within it. R. Akiva says: even if none of the above is in it, he may carry within it, so long as there be within it seventy cubits and a remnant (four tefachim) by seventy cubits and a remnant. [And not more. And the first tanna, above (2:3), viz.: "They said to him: They said 'beth sa'atayim' only for a garden or a karpef, but in a corral, or a sachar, or a chatzer, etc." — that tanna also holds with R. Akiva, that where there is a habitation, only beth sa'atayim is permitted. Where do they differ? The gemara explains that they differ with regard to the small amount by which beth sa'atayim exceeds seventy cubits and a remnant squared, the first tanna holding that a complete beth sa'atayim is permitted; and R. Akiva, seventy cubits and a remnant by seventy cubits and a remnant and no more. And whence do we derive that beth sa'atayim is greater than seventy cubits and a remnant squared? The gemara asks: How much is sa'atayim? (And it answers:) As the court of the tabernacle, of which it is written (Exodus 27:18): "The length of the court shall be one hundred cubits, and its width, fifty by fifty. And it is expounded: What is the intent of "fifty by fifty"? The Torah is telling us: Take the fifty by which the length exceeds the width and "surround" the fifty that are left to arrive at the (permitted) Sabbath limit — seventy cubits and four tefachim squared. How so? Make of them five strips of ten cubits wide by fifty cubits long. Place one to the east (of the fifty by fifty) and another to the west, so that we now have seventy wide by fifty long. Place one (strip) to the south and another to the north, and we now have seventy by seventy; but the corners are defective (i.e., unfilled), each corner being ten by ten cubits by reason of the addition. From the fifth strip take four pieces of ten (by ten) with which to fill up the four corners. Take the remaining ten by ten, which are sixty tefachim by sixty tefachim (1 cubit = six tefachim), and make of them thirty strips of two tefachim each, each one ten cubits long — all together, three hundred cubits long. Place seventy on each side, so that there are now seventy cubits and four tefachim by seventy cubits and four tefachim. But the corners are defective, two tefachim by two tefachim. This leaves you with twenty cubits. Take eight tefachim and fill up the corners. You are left with eighteen cubits and four tefachim length by two cubits width. And this is the "small amount." For if you spread them around equally, the additional width amounts to two-thirds of a finger. For you must make of it a strip 283 cubits long to surround the four sides. Thus did I find it explained in Rashi, and it is correct. Rambam "sought many accountings," but I was unable to fathom him. The ruling is in accordance with R. Akiva in "Even if none of the above is in it, he may carry within it." But in his differing with the sages of "They said to him, etc." above, contending that it must be (at most) seventy and a remnant (four tefachim) by seventy and a remnant, and no more — in this, the halachah is in accordance with the sages. For it is permitted with beth sa'atayim, as (the area of) the court of the tabernacle, which is somewhat more than seventy cubits and a remnant squared.] R. Eliezer says: If its length were greater than its width by even one cubit, it is not permitted to carry therein [even if he reduced the width and added to the length, so that in the whole there were not more than beth sa'atayim. For it is only a square that the rabbis permitted when it does not serve as a habitation.] R. Yossi says: Even if its length were twice its width, it is permitted to carry therein. [The halachah is in accordance with R. Yossi, who differs with R. Eliezer, a square not being required.]

Jerusalem Talmud Kilayim

Rebbi Jonah asked: Why do we say: “No linear measurements stated by the Sages require ‘more’ except an interrupted trellis?” Did we not state⁵⁶Mishnah Menaḥot 7:2: “The flour sacrifice of a Nazir came in two parts, loaves and flatbreads, but no paste (from flour and oil). It turns out that these are 10 Jerusalem qab which equal six esronim and excess.” Mishnah 7:1 had stated that the three kinds of bread for a thanksgiving sacrifice came from 10 esronim which were 15 Jerusalem qab. Hence, the breads of the Nazir are 6⅔ esronim. The “excess” (in the Hebrew, an otherwise nonexisting plural of “more”) is ⅔ issaron. We use the expression “more” in a domain other than vineyards.: “Ten Jerusalem qab which equal six esronim and excess”? There about volumes, here about linear measures. But did we not state⁵⁷Mishnah Terumot 4:7: “R. Eliezer says, heave can be lifted by one in 101. Rebbi Joshua says, by one in more than 100; that ‘more’ has no measure. Rebbi Yose ben Meshullam said, ‘more’ is a qab per one hundred seah, a sixth of the amount that causes dema‘”. Dema‘, the mixture of profane food and heave, was discussed in Demay, Chapter 4, Note 27. If the amount of heave is small, it is possible to remove an amount equal to the heave and transfer the holiness to that food; the remainder of the food then returns to profane status. R. Eliezer states that in this respect “small” means at most 1 in 100 (1 part heave in 101 overall). R. Joshua requires that the amount be at most 1 in 99+ε; ε >0 being arbitrarily small. R. Yose ben Meshullam requires that the amount of heave be at most 1 in 99.1666̄; if the amount of heave is one seah, the amount of profane grain has to be 99 seah plus one sixth oí the amount causing the trouble, i. e., 99 ⅙ seah. {In Babli Eruvin 83a, “and more” is defined as one twentyfourth of the volume of an egg.}: “Rebbi Yose ben Meshullam said, ‘more’ is a qab per one hundred seah, a sixth of the amount that causes dema‘”? There about volumes, here about linear measures. But did we not state⁵⁸Mishnah Eruvin 2:5: “Additionally, R. Jehudah ben Baba said, one may carry (on the Sabbath) in a garden or a corral which measure seventy and a remainder by seventy and a remainder and are enclosed by a fence ten hand-breadths high on condition that they contain a watchman’s place.” On the Sabbath, one may carry his utensils in his house and in any enclosed space containing a human dwelling. Enclosed spaces no part of which is used as a human dwelling, such as vegetable plots and corrals, are accepted as private domain only if their surface area is not more that 5000 square cubits, the surface area of the enclosed space of the tabernacle (cf. Peah Chapter 2, Note 31). Since √5000 = 70.71068, R. Jehudah ben Baba’s remainder is 0.71068 cubits, a linear measure.: “Rebbi Jehudah ben Baba said, the garden and the corral which are seventy and a remainder by seventy and a remainder”? Samuel said, they taught two thirds of a cubit⁵⁹Samuel notes that for non-mathematicians the domain is limited to 70 cubits 4 hand-breadths square, 70.666̄ cubits square. The excess over 70 is a genuine remainder, less than one cubit, but it is not a “more” which by definition can be at most one hand-breadth, the smallest unit of length accepted in these tractates of the Mishnah..

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