Liturgy for Yoma 4:2

קָשַׁר לָשׁוֹן שֶׁל זְהוֹרִית בְּרֹאשׁ שָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ וְהֶעֱמִידוֹ כְנֶגֶד בֵּית שִׁלּוּחוֹ, וְלַנִּשְׁחָט כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית שְׁחִיטָתוֹ. בָּא לוֹ אֵצֶל פָּרוֹ שְׁנִיָּה, וְסוֹמֵךְ שְׁתֵּי יָדָיו עָלָיו וּמִתְוַדֶּה. וְכָךְ הָיָה אוֹמֵר, אָנָּא הַשֵּׁם, עָוִיתִי פָּשַׁעְתִּי חָטָאתִי לְפָנֶיךָ אֲנִי וּבֵיתִי וּבְנֵי אַהֲרֹן עַם קְדוֹשֶׁיךָ. אָנָּא הַשֵּׁם, כַּפֶּר נָא לָעֲוֹנוֹת וְלַפְּשָׁעִים וְלַחֲטָאִים, שֶׁעָוִיתִי וְשֶׁפָּשַׁעְתִּי וְשֶׁחָטָאתִי לְפָנֶיךָ אֲנִי וּבֵיתִי וּבְנֵי אַהֲרֹן עַם קְדוֹשֶׁךָ, כַּכָּתוּב בְּתוֹרַת משֶׁה עַבְדֶּךָ (ויקרא טז), כִּי בַיּוֹם הַזֶּה יְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם לְטַהֵר אֶתְכֶם מִכֹּל חַטֹּאתֵיכֶם לִפְנֵי יְיָ תִּטְהָרוּ. וְהֵן עוֹנִין אַחֲרָיו, בָּרוּךְ שֵׁם כְּבוֹד מַלְכוּתוֹ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד:

He tied a tongue of scarlet wool to the head of the sent-away goat and stood it at the gate through which it is sent; and to the goat to be slaughtered, [he tied a tongue of scarlet] at its slaughtering site [i.e., its neck. (And now they would not come to confuse it with the sent-away goat — the one, having it tied to its head; the other, to its neck. And both would not be confused with other goats, having tongues of scarlet tied to them, while the others did not.)] He would come to his bullock a second time, place his hands upon it, and confess: And thus would he say: "Ana Hashem" ("I beseech You, O L rd") — "I have transgressed, I have offended, I have sinned before You — I and my house, and the sons of Aaron, Your holy people — Ana Hashem, atone, I beseech You, for the transgressions, and the offenses, and the sins that I have transgressed, and offended, and sinned before You — I and my house, and the sons of Aaron, Your holy people, as it is written in the Torah of Mosheh Your servant (Leviticus 16:30): 'For on this day He shall atone for you, to cleanse you of all of your sins; before the L rd you shall be cleansed.'" And they answer after him: "Blessed be the name of the glory of His kingdom forever." [Our Mishnah is in accordance with R. Meir, who derives his formulation from (Leviticus 16:21): "And he shall confess over it all the transgressions (avonoth) of the children of Israel, and all their offenses (pisheihem) of all of their sins (chatotham)." But the sages differ, saying: "avonoth" are willful sins; "peshaim" are rebellious ones; "chatoth" are unwitting sins. (Is it conceivable that) after confessing over willful and rebellious sins he confesses again over unwitting ones! Rather, he says: "I have sinned, I have transgressed, I have offended." And thus, David says (Psalms 106:6): "We have sinned together with our fathers; we have transgressed; we have been wicked." The halachah is in accordance with the sages. As to Moses' saying (Exodus 34:7): "He forgives transgression, offense, and sin" — thus did Moses say before the Blessed One: "When the children of Israel sin and repent, regard their deliberate sins as unwitting ones."]

Machzor Yom Kippur Ashkenaz

The High Priest then walked to the eastern part of the Temple Courtyard where stood a pair of goats bought with communal funds. They stood next to each other like twins, identical in color and height,⁹⁴The Mishnah stipulates four categories of similarity: looks (color), height, value, and simultaneous purchase. ready to atone for the sins of a rebellious daughter [Yisrael].⁹⁵Yirmiyahu 31:21. Two golden lots were mixed,⁹⁶Mishnah Yoma 3:9, 4:1. then lifted out of the box,⁹⁷The High Priest placed both hands into the box, then mixed the lots inside, and lifted them out, one in his right hand and one in his left (Rambam ch. 3). one lot for God, the other for “Azazel.”⁹⁸Mishnah Yoma 4:1. On one lot was written “For Hashem” and on the other was written “For Azazel.” The two goats stood in front of him facing west. The goat to his right received the lot in his right hand, and the goat on the left was allotted that in his left. He shouted aloud “A sin offering for Adonoy.”⁹⁹Ibid. This was shouted when he placed the lot “for Adonoy” on the appropriate goat. Those who heard him responded, blessing ‘the Name of God.'¹⁰⁰They actually responded saying: “Blessed [is His] Name, His glorious Kingdom is forever and ever”; as was the procedure each time the Name of Hashem was explicitly pronounced (see note 92). In addition, as before, the people prostrated themselves (see Rambam ch. 2). The goat receiving the lot “for Hashem” would later be sacrificed as a sin offering, while the goat receiving the lot “for Azazel” would be sent out to the Judean hills. A thread of red wool he tied on the head of the Azazel goat¹⁰¹Mishnah Yoma 4:2. This was done so that the scapegoat should not be confused with the other goat, to be sacrificed. which was placed at the eastern gate¹⁰²Ibid. This was the “gate of Niknor.” from whence it would be sent away. He completed this service, approached his ox a second time,¹⁰³Ibid. This was the ox upon which he had previously confessed his and his household’s sins. Thus, the two confessions were interspersed by the drawing of the lots for the two goats. and made confession.¹⁰⁴This confession was for himself and his fellow priests.

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Machzor Yom Kippur Ashkenaz

Happy is the eye that saw the red thread tied to the scapegoat,¹⁷²A red thread of wool was tied to the horn of the goat sent to die in the wilderness (Mishnah Yoma 4:2) turn white unlike the goat sacrificed to Hashem; for to mention it makes our souls grieve.

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Machzor Yom Kippur Ashkenaz Linear

he tied on the head of the Azazel goat¹⁰¹Mishnah Yoma 4:2. This was done so that the scapegoat should not be confused with the other goat, to be sacrificed.

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Machzor Yom Kippur Ashkenaz Linear

the red thread tied to the scapegoat,¹⁷²A red thread of wool was tied to the horn of the goat sent to die in the wilderness (Mishnah Yoma 4:2)

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