He tied a tongue of scarlet wool to the head of the sent-away goat and stood it at the gate through which it is sent; and to the goat to be slaughtered, [he tied a tongue of scarlet] at its slaughtering site [i.e., its neck. (And now they would not come to confuse it with the sent-away goat — the one, having it tied to its head; the other, to its neck. And both would not be confused with other goats, having tongues of scarlet tied to them, while the others did not.)] He would come to his bullock a second time, place his hands upon it, and confess: And thus would he say: "Ana Hashem" ("I beseech You, O L rd") — "I have transgressed, I have offended, I have sinned before You — I and my house, and the sons of Aaron, Your holy people — Ana Hashem, atone, I beseech You, for the transgressions, and the offenses, and the sins that I have transgressed, and offended, and sinned before You — I and my house, and the sons of Aaron, Your holy people, as it is written in the Torah of Mosheh Your servant (Leviticus 16:30): 'For on this day He shall atone for you, to cleanse you of all of your sins; before the L rd you shall be cleansed.'" And they answer after him: "Blessed be the name of the glory of His kingdom forever." [Our Mishnah is in accordance with R. Meir, who derives his formulation from (Leviticus 16:21): "And he shall confess over it all the transgressions (avonoth) of the children of Israel, and all their offenses (pisheihem) of all of their sins (chatotham)." But the sages differ, saying: "avonoth" are willful sins; "peshaim" are rebellious ones; "chatoth" are unwitting sins. (Is it conceivable that) after confessing over willful and rebellious sins he confesses again over unwitting ones! Rather, he says: "I have sinned, I have transgressed, I have offended." And thus, David says (Psalms 106:6): "We have sinned together with our fathers; we have transgressed; we have been wicked." The halachah is in accordance with the sages. As to Moses' saying (Exodus 34:7): "He forgives transgression, offense, and sin" — thus did Moses say before the Blessed One: "When the children of Israel sin and repent, regard their deliberate sins as unwitting ones."]
Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma
לשון של זהורית – red colored wool.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Yoma
Introduction
After having drawn the lots to determine which goat would be slaughtered and which sent away, the day’s ceremonies continue.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma
כנגד בית שלוחו – corresponding to the gate that it would be taken out.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Yoma
He bound a thread of crimson wool on the head of the goat which was to be sent away, and he placed it at the gate where it was later to be sent away, and on the goat that was to be slaughtered [he placed a thread of crimson wool on its neck] at the place of the slaughtering. After determining the goats, the priest would tie a piece of crimson wool on the sacrificial goat between its horns and then set it near the gate from where it will be later sent into the wilderness. He would also tie a thread around the neck of the goat which will later be slaughtered. We have actually already mentioned this piece of wool in Shabbat 9:3 and Shekalim 4:2 and we shall discuss it and its function again in Yoma 6:6, and 6:8. The Talmud on this mishnah explains that the purpose of these threads was to make sure that these goats didn’t get mixed up with others. They placed the threads in different places so that these two could be distinguished from one another.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma
ולנשחט – he would tie a crimson-colored strap corresponding to its slaughter house, that is to say, at its neck, and now it would not come to be switched with the goat that is to send off, for this one (i.e., the goat that is to be sent off) is tied at its head, and this one at its neck. And [regarding] both of them, with the rest of the goats, they are not switched, for these, a crimson-colored strap is tied and the other goats, there is no crimson-colored strap tied to them.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Yoma
He came to his bull a second time, pressed his two hands upon it and made confession. And thus he would say: “Please, ‘Hashem’! I have done wrong, I have transgressed, I have sinned before You, I and my house and the sons of Aaron Your holy people. Please, ‘Hashem’! Forgive the wrongdoings, the transgressions, the sins which I have committed and transgressed and sinned before You, I and my house and the sons of Aaron Your holy people, as it is written in the torah of Moses Your servant: “For on this day shall atonement be made for you [to cleanse you of all your sins; you shall be clean before the Lord”] (Leviticus 16:30). And they answered after him: “Blessed be the name of His glorious kingdom for ever and ever!” He now comes back to the bull (he was already there at mishnah 3:8) and offers up another confession. This time the confession is not only for him and his household but for all of the other priests as well. The words of the confession are the same as those in 3:8 above, except here he adds “and the sons of Aaron Your holy people.”
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma
עויתי פשעתי חטאתי – Our Mishnah is [according to] Rabbi Meir, as it is written (Leviticus 16:21): “[Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat] and confess over it all the iniquities and transgressions of the Israelites, whatever their sins, [putting them on the head of the goat…]}. But the Sages dispute him and say, that “iniquities” are those acts committed wantonly, and “transgressions” are [acts of] rebellion, and “sins” are inadvertent sins, for after he (i.e., the High Priest) confessed on the iniquities and on the [acts of] rebellion, he returns and confesses on the inadvertent acts, in astonishment, but rather, he states, I sinned, I committed iniquities, I committed transgressions. And similarly, regarding David, he says (Psalms 106:6): “We have sinned like our forefathers; we have gone astray, done evil.” And the Halakha is according to the Sages. But what is it that Moses stated (Exodus 34:7): “...forgiving iniquity, transgression and sin?” Such said Moses before God, that the Jewish people sins and does repentance, their iniquities become like inadvertent sins.
