Mishnah
Mishnah

Halakhah for Sanhedrin 3:7

גָּמְרוּ אֶת הַדָּבָר, הָיוּ מַכְנִיסִין אוֹתָן. הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁבַּדַּיָּנִים אוֹמֵר, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי אַתָּה זַכַּאי, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי אַתָּה חַיָּב. וּמִנַּיִן לִכְשֶׁיֵּצֵא אֶחָד מִן הַדַּיָּנִים לֹא יֹאמַר אֲנִי מְזַכֶּה וַחֲבֵרַי מְחַיְּבִין אֲבָל מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה שֶׁחֲבֵרַי רַבּוּ עָלָי, עַל זֶה נֶאֱמַר לֹא תֵלֵךְ רָכִיל בְּעַמֶּךָ (ויקרא יט), וְאוֹמֵר הוֹלֵךְ רָכִיל מְגַלֶּה סּוֹד (משלי יא):

When they (beth-din) finished the matter, they would bring them [the litigants] in. [For after hearing their claims, they would take them out so that they (beth-din) could deliberate and the litigants not hear who ruled liable and who not liable.] The senior judge would say: "So and so, you are not liable; so and so, you are liable." And whence is it derived that when one of the judges goes out, he should not say: "I found you not liable, but my colleagues found you liable. What can I do? They are the majority." From (Leviticus 19:16): "Do not go as a tale-bearer among your people," and (Proverbs 11:13): "He who reveals a secret is a tale-bearer."

Gray Matter III

Chazal do not require a dayan (rabbinic judge) to explain the reasons for his decisions. The Mishnah (Sanhedrin 3:7) presents the procedure for a beit din issuing its decision: “The most prominent of the judges announces, ‘Mr. so-and-so, you have prevailed, and Mr. so-and–so, you are liable.’” No mention is made of a requirement for the beit din to offer explanations for its decision. In fact, the Shulchan Aruch (C.M. 19:2) states that when one of the litigants requests a written decision, the beit din writes, “So-and-so came with so-and-so his fellow litigant before beit din, and it emerged from their words that so-and-so was victorious and so-and-so was liable.” No mention is made of a requirement to explain the decision.
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