Mishnah
Mishnah

Halakhah for Challah 2:7

שִׁעוּר הַחַלָּה, אֶחָד מֵעֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה. הָעוֹשֶׂה עִסָּה לְעַצְמוֹ, וְהָעוֹשֶׂה לְמִשְׁתֵּה בְנוֹ, אֶחָד מֵעֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה. נַחְתּוֹם שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה לִמְכֹּר בַּשּׁוּק, וְכֵן הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהִיא עוֹשָׂה לִמְכֹּר בַּשּׁוּק, אֶחָד מֵאַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמֹנָה. נִטְמֵאת עִסָּתָהּ שׁוֹגֶגֶת אוֹ אֲנוּסָה, אֶחָד מֵאַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמֹנָה. נִטְמֵאת מְזִידָה, אֶחָד מֵעֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא חוֹטֵא נִשְׂכָּר:

The minimum measure of <i>Challah</i> is one twenty-fourth [of the dough]. If one makes dough for oneself, or if one makes a dough for his son's banquet, [then the minimum measure is] one twenty-fourth. If a baker makes [dough] to sell in the market, and if a woman makes [dough] to sell in the market, [the minimum measure is] one-forty eighth. If her dough became impure mistakenly, or accidentally, [the minimum measure] is one forty-eighth. If it was defiled on purpose, it is one twenty-fourth, so that the sinner does not profit [from his sin].

Sefer HaChinukh

The measurement [to be given] for challah is not [specified in] the Torah - and even if one separated only a barley grain from the kneading, he would exempt the whole kneading in the trough from the law of challah; as the Torah only says, "The first of your kneading, set aside challah." [Thus] anything that he sets aside [suffices] to exempt him. The Sages however obligated us (Mishnah Challah 2:7) to separate 1/24th, which they based upon what the verse stated about this commandment, "give to the Lord," meaning that the gift should be dignified, and this was [the amount] that they estimated. A baker who prepares his [dough] for sale in the market - and [the dough] is large, and he also needs to make a profit - was only obligated to give 1/48th. And whether it should happen that the professional prepares a small [amount] or the homeowner prepares a large [amount], their [laws] are [still] as we said above.
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