Challah 2

פֵּרוֹת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לָאָרֶץ, חַיָּבִים בַּחַלָּה. יָצְאוּ מִכָּאן לְשָׁם, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְחַיֵּב, וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא פּוֹטֵר:

Produce from outside of the Land [of Israel] which came into the Land, is obligated in <i>Challah</i> [a portion of a batch of bread dough given to a <i>Kohen</i> (priest, pl. <i>Kohanim</i>) which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by <i>Kohanim</i> or their household]. If it went out from here [Israel] to there [outside the Land]; Rabbi Eliezer obligates one [in <i>Challah</i>], while Rabbi Akiva exempts one.

עֲפַר חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ שֶׁבָּא בִסְפִינָה לָאָרֶץ, חַיֶּבֶת בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהַסְּפִינָה גוֹשֶׁשֶׁת. עִסָּה שֶׁנִּלּוֹשָׁה בְמֵי פֵרוֹת, חַיֶּבֶת בַּחַלָּה, וְנֶאֱכֶלֶת בְּיָדַיִם מְסוֹאָבוֹת:

If earth from outside the Land came to the Land on a boat, the [produce grown from that earth] is subject to the laws of <i>Ma'aserot</i> [tithes] and the Sabbatical year. Rabbi Yehuda says, when is the time from which this applies? When the boat touches the ground. Dough which has been kneaded with fruit juice is obligated in <i>Challah</i>, and it may be eaten with unwashed hands.

הָאִשָּׁה יוֹשֶׁבֶת וְקוֹצָה חַלָּתָהּ עֲרֻמָּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא יְכוֹלָה לְכַסּוֹת עַצְמָהּ, אֲבָל לֹא הָאִישׁ. מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לַעֲשׂוֹת עִסָּתוֹ בְטָהֳרָה, יַעֲשֶׂנָּה קַבִּין, וְאַל יַעֲשֶׂנָּה בְטֻמְאָה. וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, יַעֲשֶׂנָּה בְטֻמְאָה וְאַל יַעֲשֶׂנָּה קַבִּים, שֶׁכְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוּא קוֹרֵא לַטְּהוֹרָה, כָּךְ הוּא קוֹרֵא לַטְּמֵאָה, לְזוֹ קוֹרֵא חַלָּה בַשֵּׁם וּלְזוֹ קוֹרֵא חַלָּה בַשֵּׁם, אֲבָל קַבַּיִם אֵין לָהֶם חֵלֶק בַּשֵּׁם:

A woman may sit and separate her <i>Challah</i> [and make the blessing] while naked, since she has the ability to cover herself [by crossing her legs], but a man may not do so. One who cannot knead one's dough in purity should make it in smaller portions of separate <i>Kabim</i> [sing., <i>Kav</i> a specific unit of volume, each less than the minimum quantity obligated in <i>Challah</i>], rather than make the dough in a state of impurity. Rabbi Akiva says, let one defile it, and make it in a state of impurity rather than make it in separate <i>Kabim</i>, because just as one designates [<i>Challah</i>] as pure, so one designates that which is impure. S/he designates one [the impure] as <i>Challah</i>, and s/he designates one [the pure] as <i>Challah</i>, but separate <i>Kabim</i> quantities have no portion in the name [of <i>Challah</i>].

הָעוֹשֶׂה עִסָּתוֹ קַבִּים וְנָגְעוּ זֶה בָזֶה, פְּטוּרִים מִן הַחַלָּה עַד שֶׁיִּשּׁוֹכוּ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַף הָרוֹדֶה וְנוֹתֵן לַסַּל, הַסַּל מְצָרְפָן לַחַלָּה:

If one makes the dough in separate <i>Kabim</i> quantities, and [subsequently,] they touch each other, they are exempt from <i>Challah</i>, unless they are attached together as one. Rabbi Eliezer says, though one who removes them from the oven and place them in a basket, the basket combines them relative to [the minimum quantity to be obligated in] <i>Challah</i>.

הַמַּפְרִישׁ חַלָּתוֹ קֶמַח, אֵינָהּ חַלָּה, וְגָזֵל בְּיַד כֹּהֵן. הָעִסָּה עַצְמָהּ, חַיֶּבֶת בַּחַלָּה. וְהַקֶּמַח, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ כַשִּׁעוּר, חַיֶּבֶת בַּחַלָּה, וַאֲסוּרָה לְזָרִים, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַעֲשֶׂה וּקְפָשָׁהּ זָקֵן זָר. אָמַר לָהֶם, אַף הוּא קִלְקֵל לְעַצְמוֹ וְתִקֵּן לַאֲחֵרִים:

If one separates <i>Challah</i> while it is flour, it is not valid <i>Challah</i>, and [if the <i>Kohen</i> takes it,] it is considered as something stolen in the <i>Kohen</i>'s hand. The dough itself, though, is still obligated in <i>Challah</i>; if there is enough of a quantity of flour, it is subject to <i>Challah</i> and prohibited to non-<i>Kohanim</i>, these are the words of Rabbi Yehoshua. [The Sages] say to Rabbi Yehoshua: There was a case [where <i>Challah</i> was mistakenly given], and a scholar non-<i>Kohen</i> seized it. Rabbi Yehoshua said to them, he did too do something damaging to himself, though he helped others [who will think it is permitted].

חֲמֵשֶׁת רְבָעִים קֶמַח, חַיָּבִים בַּחַלָּה. הֵם וּשְׂאֹרָן וְסֻבָּן וּמֻרְסָנָן חֲמֵשֶׁת רְבָעִים, חַיָּבִין. נִטַּל מֻרְסָנָן מִתּוֹכָן וְחָזַר לְתוֹכָן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פְטוּרִין:

Five quarters [of a <i>Kav</i>] of flour are obligated in <i>Challah</i>. If they and their leaven, and their light bran and their coarse bran make up five quarters, they are obligated [in <i>Challah</i>]. If their coarse bran was removed and then was returned to them, [it is excluded from the total] and is exempt from <i>Challah</i>.

שִׁעוּר הַחַלָּה, אֶחָד מֵעֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה. הָעוֹשֶׂה עִסָּה לְעַצְמוֹ, וְהָעוֹשֶׂה לְמִשְׁתֵּה בְנוֹ, אֶחָד מֵעֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה. נַחְתּוֹם שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה לִמְכֹּר בַּשּׁוּק, וְכֵן הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהִיא עוֹשָׂה לִמְכֹּר בַּשּׁוּק, אֶחָד מֵאַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמֹנָה. נִטְמֵאת עִסָּתָהּ שׁוֹגֶגֶת אוֹ אֲנוּסָה, אֶחָד מֵאַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמֹנָה. נִטְמֵאת מְזִידָה, אֶחָד מֵעֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא חוֹטֵא נִשְׂכָּר:

The minimum measure of <i>Challah</i> is one twenty-fourth [of the dough]. If one makes dough for oneself, or if one makes a dough for his son's banquet, [then the minimum measure is] one twenty-fourth. If a baker makes [dough] to sell in the market, and if a woman makes [dough] to sell in the market, [the minimum measure is] one-forty eighth. If her dough became impure mistakenly, or accidentally, [the minimum measure] is one forty-eighth. If it was defiled on purpose, it is one twenty-fourth, so that the sinner does not profit [from his sin].

רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, נִטֶּלֶת מִן הַטָּהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא. כֵּיצַד, עִסָּה טְהוֹרָה וְעִסָּה טְמֵאָה, נוֹטֵל כְּדֵי חַלָּה מֵעִסָּה שֶׁלֹּא הוּרָם חַלָּתָהּ, וְנוֹתֵן פָּחוֹת מִכַּבֵּיצָה בָּאֶמְצַע, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּטֹּל מִן הַמֻּקָּף. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין:

Rabbi Eliezer says, <i>Challah</i> may be taken from pure dough on behalf of impure dough. How so? If one has pure dough and impure dough, he takes sufficient <i>Challah</i> from the dough whose <i>Challah</i> has not been taken, and he places an amount less than the [volume of an] egg in the middle, [thus connecting the two] so that he will be taking from that which is nearby, but the Sages forbade this.