Challah 1

חֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִים חַיָּבִים בַּחַלָּה, הַחִטִּים וְהַשְּׂעוֹרִים וְהַכֻּסְּמִין וְשִׁבֹּלֶת שׁוּעָל וְשִׁיפוֹן. הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין בַּחַלָּה, וּמִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה, וַאֲסוּרִין בֶּחָדָשׁ מִלִּפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, וּמִלִּקְצֹר מִלִּפְנֵי הָעֹמֶר. וְאִם הִשְׁרִישׁוּ קֹדֶם לָעֹמֶר, הָעֹמֶר מַתִּירָן. וְאִם לָאו, אֲסוּרִין עַד שֶׁיָּבֹא הָעֹמֶר הַבָּא:

Five things are obligated in <i>Challah</i> [dough that must be set aside for the priest]: wheat, barley, spelt, oats, and rye. These are obligated in <i>Challah</i>, and they join with each other [to complete the minimum measurement required for <i>Challah</i>], and they are forbidden as <i>Chadash</i> [grain from the current year that one is forbidden to eat until the <i>Omer</i> (the special barley offering, offered the day after Passover, which permits grain harvested in the last year to be eaten) is brought] from before Passover and to be harvested before the <i>Omer</i>. But if they took root before the <i>Omer</i>, the <i>Omer</i> makes them permissible [to be eaten]; but if they did not, they are forbidden [to be eaten] until the next <i>Omer</i>.

הָאוֹכֵל מֵהֶם כַּזַּיִת מַצָּה בְּפֶסַח, יָצָא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ. כַּזַּיִת חָמֵץ, חַיָּב בְּהִכָּרֵת. נִתְעָרֵב אֶחָד מֵהֶם בְּכָל הַמִּינִים, הֲרֵי זֶה עוֹבֵר בְּפֶסַח. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַפַּת וּמִן הַתְּבוּאָה, אָסוּר בָּהֶם, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּגָן אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מֵהֶן. וְחַיָּבִין בַּחַלָּה וּבַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת:

One who eats an olive's bulk of them as <i>Matsah</i> [unleavened bread] on Passover has fulfilled one's obligation; an olive's bulk of <i>Chamets</i> [leavened bread, prohibited on Passover], one is liable for <i>Karet</i> [to be cut off spiritually from the Jewish nation]. One who intermingles one of them with other things transgresses on Passover. One who swore off bread and crops is forbidden from them; so says Rabbi Meir. The Sages say: One who swore off wheat is only forbidden from particularly [wheat]. They are liable in <i>Challah</i> and <i>Ma'aserot</i> [tithes].

אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין בַּחַלָּה וּפְטוּרִים מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. הַלֶּקֶט, וְהַשִּׁכְחָה, וְהַפֵּאָה, וְהַהֶפְקֵר, וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ, וּמוֹתַר הָעֹמֶר, וּתְבוּאָה שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיאָה שְׁלִישׁ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תְּבוּאָה שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיאָה שְׁלִישׁ, פְּטוּרָה מִן הַחַלָּה:

The following are obligated in <i>Challah</i>, but are exempt from <i>Ma'aserot</i>: the <i>Leket</i> [individual stalks which fall during harvest, which must be left for the poor to glean], the <i>Shikhecha</i> [individual sheaves, forgotten in the field, which must be left for the poor to collect], the <i>Pe'ah</i> [a corner of the field that is required to be left for the poor], the <i>Hefker</i> [property rendered ownerless by renunciation of its former owner], the <i>Ma'aser Rishon</i> [the first tithe of produce, which must be given to the Levi] whose <i>Terumah</i> [a portion of a crop given to a <i>Kohen</i> which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by <i>Kohanim</i> or their household] was taken, and the <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> [the second tithe of produce, which must be taken to Jerusalem and consumed there] and <i>Hekdesh</i> [property, living or inanimate, devoted by its owner for sacred purposes, by which action he ceases to be its owner] that were redeemed, the surplus of the <i>Omer</i> offering, and crops that have not yet yielded a third [of their produce]. Rabbi Eliezer says: crops which have not yet yielded a third [of their produce] are exempt from <i>Challah</i>.

אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וּפְטוּרִים מִן הַחַלָּה, הָאֹרֶז, וְהַדֹּחַן, וְהַפְּרָגִים, וְהַשֻּׁמְשְׁמִין, וְהַקִּטְנִיּוֹת, וּפָחוֹת מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת רְבָעִים בַּתְּבוּאָה. הַסֻּפְגָּנִין, וְהַדֻּבְשָׁנִין, וְהָאִסְקְרִיטִין, וְחַלַּת הַמַּשְׂרֵת, וְהַמְדֻמָּע, פְּטוּרִין מִן הַחַלָּה:

The following are obligated in <i>Ma'aserot</i>, but are exempt from <i>Challah</i>: Rice, and millet, and poppies, and sesames, and legumes, and [harvest that yielded] less than five fourths of grain. Sponge breads, and honey breads, and cookies, and pan loaf, and <i>Meduma</i> [mixture of <i>Chulin</i> (permitted foodstuff) and <i>Terumah</i> that is forbidden to non-<i>Kohanim</i>] dough, are all exempt from <i>Challah</i>.

עִסָּה שֶׁתְּחִלָּתָהּ סֻפְגָּנִין וְסוֹפָהּ סֻפְגָּנִין, פְּטוּרָה מִן הַחַלָּה. תְּחִלָּתָהּ עִסָּה וְסוֹפָהּ סֻפְגָּנִין, תְּחִלָּתָהּ סֻפְגָּנִין וְסוֹפָהּ עִסָּה, חַיָּבִין בַּחַלָּה. וְכֵן הַקְּנוּבְקָאוֹת חַיָּבוֹת:

A batter whose start is spongy, and whose end is spongy, is exempt from <i>Challah</i>. Whose start is doughy and whose end is spongy, or whose start is spongy whose end is doughy, it is obligated in <i>Challah</i>. Similarly crumb loaves are obligated.

הַמְּעִסָּה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹטְרִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְחַיְּבִין. הַחֲלִיטָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְחַיְּבִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל פּוֹטְרִין. חַלּוֹת תּוֹדָה וּרְקִיקֵי נָזִיר, עֲשָׂאָן לְעַצְמוֹ, פָּטוּר. לִמְכֹּר בַּשּׁוּק, חַיָּב:

Flour that was thrown into boiling water, Beit Shammai exempts [from separating <i>Challah</i>], but Beit Hillel obligates it. Flour that had boiling water poured on it, Beit Shammai obligates it, but Beit Hillel exempts it. Loaves for a <i>Todah</i> [thanksgiving offering] and crackers for a Nazirite's offering, that one made for himself are exempt; made to sell them in the marketplace, are obligated.

נַחְתּוֹם שֶׁעָשָׂה שְׂאֹר לְחַלֵּק, חַיָּב בַּחַלָּה. נָשִׁים שֶׁנָּתְנוּ לְנַחְתּוֹם לַעֲשׂוֹת לָהֶן שְׂאֹר, אִם אֵין בְּשֶׁל אַחַת מֵהֶן כַּשִּׁעוּר, פְּטוּרָה מִן הַחַלָּה:

If a baker made leaven to distribute, it is obligated in <i>Challah</i>. If women give the baker [flour] to make them leaven from, and if there isn't any the minimum quantity [for <i>Challah</i>] belonging to any one of them, it is exempt from <i>Challah</i>.

עִסַּת הַכְּלָבִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהָרוֹעִים אוֹכְלִין מִמֶּנָּה, חַיֶּבֶת בַּחַלָּה, וּמְעָרְבִין בָּהּ, וּמִשְׁתַּתְּפִין בָּהּ, וּמְבָרְכִין עָלֶיהָ, וּמְזַמְּנִין עָלֶיהָ, וְנַעֲשֵׂית בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְיוֹצֵא בָהּ אָדָם יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּפֶסַח. אִם אֵין הָרוֹעִים אוֹכְלִין מִמֶּנָּה, אֵינָהּ חַיֶּבֶת בַּחַלָּה, וְאֵין מְעָרְבִין בָּהּ, וְאֵין מִשְׁתַּתְּפִין בָּהּ, וְאֵין מְבָרְכִין עָלֶיהָ, וְאֵין מְזַמְּנִין עָלֶיהָ, וְאֵינָהּ נַעֲשֵׂית בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְאֵין אָדָם יוֹצֵא בָהּ יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּפֶסַח. בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, מִטַּמְּאָה טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין:

Dough for dogs, as long as shepherds would eat from it, is obligated in <i>Challah</i>. And one may make an <i>Eruv</i> [enclosure of shared space via shared food to permit carrying on Shabbat] from it. And one may enter into a <i>Shittuf</i> [a partnership of space for the sake of carrying on Shabbat] with it, and one recites the blessings [before and after eating] over it, and one may invite to <i>Zimmun</i> [calling those who have eaten together, minimally three, to join together for the after-meal blessing] over it, and one may cook it on a Festival, and a person may use this dough to fulfill their obligation on Passover [of eating <i>Matsah,</i>]. If the shepherds would not eat from it, it is not obligated in <i>Challah</i>, one may not use it for an <i>Eruv</i> or enter into a <i>Shittuf</i> with it, and one does not say the blessing over it, and one does not one say the <i>Zimmun</i> over it, and it may not be cooked on a Festival, nor does one fulfill his obligation with it on Passover. In either case, the dough is subject to <i>Tumat Okhalin</i> [the ritual impurity affecting food].

הַחַלָּה וְהַתְּרוּמָה, חַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ מִיתָה וְחֹמֶשׁ, וַאֲסוּרִים לְזָרִים, וְהֵם נִכְסֵי כֹהֵן, וְעוֹלִין בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וּטְעוּנִין רְחִיצַת יָדַיִם וְהַעֲרֵב שֶׁמֶשׁ, וְאֵין נִטָּלִין מִן הַטָּהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא, אֶלָּא מִן הַמֻּקָּף וּמִן הַדָּבָר הַגָּמוּר. הָאוֹמֵר, כָּל גָּרְנִי תְרוּמָה וְכָל עִסָּתִי חַלָּה, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם, עַד שֶׁיְּשַׁיֵּר מִקְצָת:

<i>Hallah</i> and <i>Terumah</i> carry the death penalty [if a non-<i>Kohen</i> knowingly eats from them] and the one-fifth penalty [if a non- <i>Kohen</i> unwittingly eats from them] and they are forbidden to non-<i>Kohanim</i>, and they are the property of the <i>Kohanim</i>, and they are neutralized in 101 parts, and they require washing of the hands [before handling] and they require the setting of the sun [in order to eat them after purification] and they may not be set aside from the pure for the defiled, and they may be [only] set aside for that which is nearby, and from that which its preparation has been completed. [If one says that] "All of my threshing floor is <i>Terumah</i> all my dough is <i>Challah</i>," they have said nothing, unless they have some leftover.