Commentary for Terumot 7:1
הָאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמָה מֵזִיד, מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַקֶּרֶן וְאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ. הַתַּשְׁלוּמִין חֻלִּין, אִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִמְחֹל, מוֹחֵל:
One who eats <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption] intentionally must pay the principal value but need not pay the [additional] fifth. The <i>Tashlumin</i> [payments for what was wrongfully eaten] are <i>Chulin</i> [non-sacred produce, and] if the priest wishes to forego [the payments], he may forego.
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
האוכל תרומה מזיד – without warning, for whereas if they warned him, he is flogged and does not pay. But even thought that without warning, he is liable for death at the hands of heaven, he is not exempted from payment/indemnity.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Introduction
In the previous chapters we saw that one who eats terumah unwittingly must repay the amount that he ate plus an added fifth. Our mishnah and the mishnayot that follow discuss a non-priest who intentionally eats terumah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
ואינו משלם את החומש – for the Torah did not obligate the added fifth, other than for one who consumes heave-offering inadvertently.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
One who eats terumah intentionally must repay its value, but not the fifth. Paradoxically one who intentionally eats terumah pays less than one who does so accidentally. He does not pay the added fifth. There are two reasons for this. One is that the Torah specifies that one who eats terumah unwittingly pays the extra fifth (Leviticus 22:14). The rabbis read this verse precisely only if one eats unwittingly does one pay the extra fifth. The second reason seems to be conceptual. The added fifth functions as atonement, and atonement is only given to one who accidentally sins. One who sins intentionally is not given the opportunity to atone, at least not in this simple and automatic way.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
התשלומין חולין – for payment of someone who acted inadvertently alone, the All-Merciful calls him “holy,” as it is written (Leviticus 22:14): “[but if a man eats of a sacred donation unwittingly,] he shall pay the priest for the sacred donation, [adding one-fifth of its value],” but payment of someone who acts willfully is unconsecrated produce, for since they are unconsecrated, if the Kohen wants to refuse, he can refuse, what is not the case with payment of a person who acts inadvertently, that if he wants to refuse it, he cannot refuse it because they are holy.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
And the repayment remains hullin, therefore, if the priest wishes to forgive the repayment, he may. The repayment he makes does not become terumah, as it does in the case of one who eats unwittingly. Therefore, if the priest wants to forgive receiving his repayment, he may do so and the person who ate the terumah won’t have to pay anything (compare above, 6:1). It is interesting to compare this with the case of one who ate unwittingly. In that case the priest cannot forgive repayment because he must give the person a chance to atone for having eaten terumah. In this case he can’t atone through the repayment because he intentionally committed the sin. Therefore the repayment remains hullin and the priest can forgive the debt.
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