Commentary for Makhshirin 3:3
הָרוֹדֶה פַת חַמָּה וּנְתָנָהּ עַל פִּי חָבִית שֶׁל יַיִן, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַהֵר בְּשֶׁל חִטִּים וּמְטַמֵּא בְשֶׁל שְׂעֹרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַשְּׂעֹרִים שׁוֹאֲבוֹת:
[If] one took hot bread out of the oven and placed it on the mouth of a jar of wine, Rabbi Meir deems it impure [that is, deems it able to contract impurity]. Rabbi Yehudah deems it pure. Rabbi Yose deems it pure [if the bread is made] from wheat, but impure [if the bread is made] from barley, because barley absorbs [moisture].
Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
הרודה – that was kneaded in fruit juice but was not made susceptible to receive Levitical uncleanness.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
One who drew hot bread off the side of an oven and put it upon the mouth of a jar of wine: The bread mentioned here must be bread that was mixed with fruit juice which does not cause flour to be susceptible to impurity. [If the bread was already susceptible because it had been mixed with water, then this mishnah is not an issue].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
רבי מאיר מטמא – meaning to say, the bread is made fit to receive Levitical uncleanness on account of the wine that was absorbed in it. Alternatively, if the wine was impure/unclean, Rabbi Meir declares it impure on account of the impure wine that was absorbed in it (i.e., the bread).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
Rabbi Meir declares it susceptible to uncleanness; Rabbi Meir says that the hot bread, no matter the kind, will draw wine out of the barrel and therefore it is susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
ר' יוסי מטהר בשל חטים – and the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yossi.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
But Rabbi Judah declares it insusceptible. Rabbi Judah says that the bread does not draw off the wine and therefore it is not susceptible.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
Rabbi Yose declares it insusceptible in the case of wheat bread and susceptible in the case of barley bread, because barley absorbs [liquids]. Rabbi Yose distinguishes between wheat bread, which is less absorbent and barley bread which is more absorbent. Only the latter is susceptible to impurity.
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