If one buries [for storage] turnips and radishes beneath a vine, if some of the leaves are visible, he need not worry about [transgressing the prohibitions of] <i>kilayim</i> or the Sabbatical year or the tithes; and they may be removed on the Shabbat. If one sows wheat and barley [together] at once, that is considered <i>kilayim</i>; Rabbi Yehudah says: it is not <i>kilayim</i>, unless there are two [grains] of wheat and one [grain] of barley or one [grain of] wheat and two [grains of] barley or one grain [each] of wheat, barley and spelt.
English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
One who buries turnips or radishes beneath a vine, if some of their leaves are uncovered, he need not have fear [of having transgressed] kilayim, or the sabbatical year, or tithes and they may also be pulled up on Shabbat. The first section deals with someone who buries turnips or radishes in the ground not so that they will take root but so that they will stay cool. This was an ancient form of refrigeration. The mishnah rules that as long as some of their leaves are still exposed, we don’t consider the turnips or radishes to have been planted. Thus the person who buried them does not have to worry about having transgressed the laws of kilayim, or the prohibition of planting on the sabbatical year. If the plant grew more in the ground then he doesn’t have to tithe for the extra growth. On Shabbat he can take them out of the ground, and this is not considered “harvesting” because they weren’t really attached to the ground.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
One who plants a [grain of] wheat and [a grain of] barley at one time, behold this is kilayim. According to the first opinion in the mishnah, planting two different grains together is already a violation of the laws of kilayim.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
Rabbi Judah says: it is not kilayim unless there are two grains of wheat and two grains of barley, or one grain of wheat and two grains of barley, or a grain of wheat, a grain of barley and a grain of spelt. In contrast, Rabbi Judah holds that it is not a prohibition unless he plants three grains, two of one kind and one of another, or three different kinds.
