What is the (required) amount (for a tchum eruv)? Enough for two meals for each one (participating in the eruv) [Since he acquires habitation there, he must place there the food he needs for Shabbath.], his food for a weekday and not for Shabbath. These are the words of R. Meir. R. Yehudah says: For Shabbath and not for a weekday. And both (R. Meir and R. Yehudah) intend to be lenient (in their ruling). [R. Meir holds that on Shabbath one eats more, for the food is tastier. And R. Yehudah holds that since on Shabbath one eats three meals, he does not eat very much at each meal, so that two weekday meals are more than two Sabbath meals.] R. Yochanan b. B'roka says: A loaf for a pundion, four sa'ah for a sela [i.e., a loaf bought for a pundion when four sa'ah of wheat are sold for a sela. Four sa'ah are twenty-four kavin, and a sela is twenty-four ma'ah, that there is a kav to each ma'ah. A ma'ah is two pundionin — so that a loaf sold in the market for a pundion is half a kav. And the shopkeeper takes half as a wage for baking and grinding, so that a loaf bought from a shopkeeper for a pundion is a quarter of a kav, which are six eggs, a kav being twenty-four eggs. And this is the amount of the two meals (required) for the eruv according to R. Yochanan b. B'roka. The halachah is in accordance with him.] R. Shimon says: Two-thirds of a loaf of three to a kav. [He reduces the amount, saying that two-thirds of a loaf of three loaves to a kav suffices for an eruv. A whole loaf of eight eggs is one-third of a kav. Two-thirds of that — five and a third eggs — is two meals.] Half for a house with a plague-spot. [This is an anonymous Mishnah and is to be understood thus: Half of a complete loaf, according to the estimate of both (R. Yochanan b. B'roka and R. Shimon) is the amount for (the criterion of) "abiding" in a house with a plague-spot. For one who enters a house with a leprous plague-spot, though he becomes unclean immediately, is not required to wash his clothing until he "abides" there long enough to eat, "long enough to eat" being understood as long enough to eat half a loaf. According to R. Yochanan b. B'roka, who says that a whole loaf is a quarter of a kav, which is six eggs, half of that, three eggs, is the "pras" (half a loaf) in all of the Talmud. And according to R. Shimon, who says that a whole loaf is a third of a kav, which is eight eggs, half of that, four eggs, is the "pras" of all the Talmud. And even though R. Shimon holds that a whole loaf contains three meals (two-thirds of a loaf constituting two meals according to R. Shimon), that is in respect to eruv, where the intent was to be lenient, so that two full meals were not required. But in all other places R. Shimon holds that a meal is not less than half a loaf of a third of a kav, the eating of this half-loaf, four eggs, being the criterion.] Half of a half to render the body unfit. [If one eats a half pras of unclean foods, his body becomes unclean by rabbinical ordinance vis-à-vis the eating of terumah. And a half pras is an egg and a half according to R. Yochanan b. B'roka and two eggs according to R. Shimon.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מזון שתי סעודות לכל אחד – because he acquires his Sabbath camp/place to be the center of Sabbath movements there, he needs to leave there some food that he needs for Shabbat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
This mishnah discusses the minimum measure of food which is need for a Shabbat border eruv.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
אלו ואלו מתכוונים להקל – Rabbi Meir holds that on Shabbat a person eats more because it is the basis of his cooking (which is why he preferred as his standard the food that he consumes on a weekday). But Rabbi Yehuda holds that since on Shabbat he eats three meals, he doesn’t eat a great deal at each meal, but the two meals of a weekday is more than two meals of the Sabbath [day].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
What is the minimum measure [for Shabbat border eruvin]? Food for two meals for each person, for weekdays and not for Shabbat, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: for Shabbat and not for weekdays. And both intended to give a leniency. According to Rabbi Meir, the eruv must consist of enough food for two weekday meals. Rabbi Judah says the food should be enough for Shabbat meals and not weekday meals. Seemingly we would think that a person eats more on Shabbat than during the week, so Rabbi Judah would be stricter than Rabbi Meir. However, the mishnah says that both intended to be lenient. In order to understand this, we need to explain that the eruv’s minimum measurement was set according to the amount of bread eaten at a typical meal. According to Rabbi Meir, on Shabbat one eats a lot of different types of food and a lot of bread to accompany the food. Therefore, on Shabbat one eats more, and the minimum amount of food for the eruv is set according to the bread eaten during the week, a lesser amount. According to Rabbi Judah, since on Shabbat there are many side dishes a person eats less bread than he would during the week when there are less side dishes. Therefore, Rabbi Judah sets the minimum amount of bread for the eruv according to what one eats on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ככר בפונדיון – a loaf that is purchased for a Pundiyon (equal to 16 perutot/pennies or 2 Issar) – when they sell four S’ah of wheat to a Sela, and four S’ah are twenty-four Kabin, and the Sela is twenty-four M’ah, it is found that it is a Kab for each M’ah and the M’ah is two Pundiyon, behold that a loaf that is sold in the marketplace for a Pundiyon which is one-half of a Kab, and the storekeeper buys half for the cost of the baking and the milling, it is found that the loaf that is purchased from the storekeeper for a Pundiyon is one-quarter of a Kab which is six eggs, for the Kab is twenty-four eggs in volume, and they are the measurement of two meals of the Eruv according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Berokah. And the Halakha is according to him.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka says: not less than a loaf that is purchased for a pondium when the price of wheat is four se’ah for a sela. Rabbi Yohanan ben Baroka gives a minimum amount of bread that must be used for the eruv. This amount of bread is what is sufficient for two meals. It is the size of a loaf that can be bought for one pundion (a coin) when 4 se’ah (24 kav, a measure of volume) of wheat are sold for a sela (a coin worth 48 pundion). If we do the math, we can see that a kav of wheat is bought for two pundionim, meaning that one pundion will buy half a kav of wheat, which according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Baroka is sufficient for two meals.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
רבי שמעון – [he] reduces the requisite measure and states that it is enough to make an Eruv with two-thirds of a loaf of the size of three loaves to the Kab. And a complete loaf [of bread] of eight eggs is one-third of a Kab. But two-thirds of it which are five eggs and more (i.e., one-third) is for two meals.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Shimon says: two thirds of a loaf, when three [loaves] are made from a kav [of wheat]. Half of this loaf is the size prescribed for a leprous house, and half of its half is the size that disqualifies one’s body [from eating terumah]. According to Rabbi Shimon, two meals are equivalent to two-thirds of a loaf when three loaves are made from a kav of wheat. A loaf is therefore 1/3 of a kav and 2/3 of a loaf is two meals. This is a smaller amount than that set by Rabbi Yohanan ben Baroka. Rabbi Shimon now mentions two other halakhot which are connected to the size of a loaf of bread he mentioned above. Half of this loaf, meaning 1/6 of a kav is related to the laws of an infected (leprous house). One who stays in the house long enough to eat a loaf of bread of this size is impure. Half of this, meaning 1/12 of a kav is relevant to disqualifying someone from eating terumah. This means that a person who eats 1/12 of a kav of impure food cannot eat terumah until he immerses in a mikveh.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
חציה לבית המנוגע – this [section] is an anonymous Mishnah, and this is what he said: Half of a full loaf [of bread] that they estimated/measured whether according to the one (Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka) or the other (Rabbi Shimon), is the measurement for a delay/pause in a leprous house, for a person who enters into a house where there is within it the plague of leprosy, even though becomes immediately ritually defiled, he does not require the washing of his clothes until he waits in order to eat, and this half-loaf [of bread] is in order that he can eat. But for Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka who stated that a full loaf which is a quarter of a Kab – being the volume of six eggs, it is found that half of that is three eggs, and it this is a piece/certain quantity of bread [or half a loaf] (see Tractate Negaim, Chapter 13, Mishnah 9), that is in the entire Talmud. But for Rabbi Shimon who stated that a full loaf [of bread] is one-third of a Kab, which is eight eggs, that half is four eggs, and this is a piece of bread/half a loaf in all of the Talmud according to Rabbi Shimon. But even though that Rabbi Shimon holds that in a full loaf [of bread] are three meals, for the two-thirds that Rabbi Shimon mentions – is for two meals, these words concern an Eruv that they intended for it, to be lenient, and there is no need for two complete meals. But in all the rest of the places, Rabbi Shimon thinks that a meal is not less than one-half of a loaf of one-third of a Kab, and we require that he wait/delay [the time it takes] in order that he can eat this half-loaf which is four eggs.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
חצי חציה לפסול את הגויה – that the person who consumes impure foods equivalent to one-half of a piece of bread, his body is defiled according to the Rabbis from eating heave-offering/Terumah (if he is a Kohen). And half of a piece of bread is an egg-and-a-half [in volume] according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka and two eggs [in volume] according to Rabbi Shimon.
