How is a tchum (Sabbath bound) partnership made? He puts down the (food) jug and says: "This is for all the men of my city, for whoever goes to the house of the mourner or the house of the (wedding) feast [i.e., for mitzvah purposes, the ruling being: Eruvei tchumin are made only for mitzvah purposes.] And all who took it upon themselves [to rely upon this eruv] while it was still day are permitted to do so. And after dark (i.e., on Shabbath), it is forbidden, an eruv not being made after dark. [This, when they did not apprise him (of the eruv) while it was still day; but if they did, even if he took it upon himself to rely upon this eruv of a certainty only after it had gotten dark, it is permitted.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
כיצד. לכל מי שילך לבית האבל וכו' – that these are matters [pertaining to] a Mitzvah, and we hold that one does not make a joining of borders/עירובי תחומין other than for a Mitzvah.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
Today’s mishnah deals with how one can set up a collective Shabbat border limit eruv, meaning an eruv that will allow many people to extend their Shabbat border limit by 2000 cubits to one direction.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
וכל מי שקבל עליו – to rely upon this Eruv, it is permitted.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
How does one effect participation in connection with Shabbat limits? One sets down a jar and says, “Behold this is for all the inhabitants of my town, for anyone who may desire to go to a house of mourning or to a house of feasting”. Any one who accepted [the eruv] while it was still day is permitted [to enjoy its benefits] but if one did it after dusk he is forbidden, since they do not set up an eruv after dusk. The language of this mishnah is parallel to that of 7:6 above, which discussed alley partnerships. Again, a person takes a jar of food and brings it to wherever he wants to establish his “Shabbat resting place”. It is from this place that his 2000 cubit radius will be counted. He announces that this eruv will count for anyone who wishes to make use of it. However, unlike alley partnership eruvin, Shabbat border eruvin require the person to accept the eruv actively. This is because by accepting the extension on one side of town, he loses on the other side of town. The person must accept the eruv before Shabbat begins, since this is the determinative moment for the establishment of eruvin. He cannot accept the eruv after Shabbat has already begun. Note that the mishnah mentions two common reasons why one would set up a border eruv to pay a shivah call or to visit a house of feasting, a place where a wedding was being celebrated (a wedding which took place before Shabbat). The reason why the mishnah mentioned these examples is that the mishnah holds that one can set up a border eruv only in order to attend to a mitzvah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ומשחשיכה אסור – and these words [apply] when they didn’t inform him while it was still daylight [on Friday before Shabbat], but if he informed him while it was still daylight [on Friday], even if he hadn’t accepted upon himself to rely upon this Eruv for certain, other than once it became dark, it is permitted.
