וְאֵלּוּ טְרֵפוֹת בָּעוֹף. נְקוּבַת הַוֶּשֶׁט, פְּסוּקַת הַגַּרְגֶּרֶת, הִכַּתָּהּ חֻלְדָּה עַל רֹאשָׁהּ, מְקוֹם שֶׁעוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָהּ טְרֵפָה, נִקַּב הַקֻּרְקְבָן, נִקְּבוּ הַדַּקִּין, נָפְלָה לָאוּר וְנֶחְמְרוּ בְנֵי מֵעֶיהָ, אִם יְרֻקִּים, פְּסוּלִין. אִם אֲדֻמִּים, כְּשֵׁרִים. דְּרָסָהּ, וּטְרָפָהּ בַּכֹּתֶל, אוֹ שֶׁרִצְּצַתָּהּ בְּהֵמָה וּמְפַרְכֶּסֶת, וְשָׁהֲתָה מֵעֵת לְעֵת וּשְׁחָטָהּ, כְּשֵׁרָה:
Die folgenden Defekte machen Geflügel Terefá: wenn die Speiseröhre perforiert ist; wenn die Luftröhre abgerissen wird; wenn ein Wiesel es auf den Kopf biss, an einer Stelle, an der es es rendern könnte Terefá [nämlich. in der Nähe des Gehirns]; wenn der Magen oder der Dünndarm perforiert sind; als es ins Feuer gefallen war; wenn seine Eingeweide verbrannt waren, wenn sie gelb geworden waren, ist es Terefá, aber wenn sie rot blieben, ist es Cashér; Wenn eine Person darauf getreten ist oder es gegen eine Wand gestoßen hat oder wenn es von Rindern betreten wurde und es vierundzwanzig Stunden nach dem Unfall kämpft und lebt [und dann geschlachtet wurde], ist es Cashér.
Tosefta Chullin
[If] it broke most of its ribs, it is disqualified (Hul. 3:3). And how many are "most of its ribs"? Eleven ribs on one side of the spine, or eleven ribs on the other side of the spine. [If] it broke twelve [ribs] from both sides (i.e., cumulatively), it is disqualified. [If] there remained eleven [intact ribs] from both sides (i.e., cumulatively), it is valid. [If] it its hind leg is cut off from the knee joint and below, it is valid; from the knee joint and above, it is disqualified (Hul. 4:6). [If] a bone was broken and the junction of the sinews was interrupted, it is invalid. Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar deems it valid because [the leg] can be cauterized and it will live (Hul. 42b:1). [If] a person caused its [lungs] to be shriveled, it is disqualified. Rabi Shimon ben Elazar says, [this rule applies if the shriveling is] caused by any living creature. Rabbi Meir validates a large animal [with a shriveled lung], but the Sages disqualify it. Said Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar, Rabbi Meir did not disagree about whether a large animal [with a shriveled lung] is disqualified. Yehudah ben Yeshaiah the spicer testified before Rabbi Akiva that it was said in the name Rabbi Tarfon about the large animal that is disqualified. What is the large animal [that is disqualified]? One that has been stripped of its hide and there does not remain enough [skin] to allow a scab to form. But if there remains enough [skin] to allow a scab to form, everyone agrees that it is valid. And how much is enough [skin] to allow a scab to form? Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says, up to [the size of] an Italian issar (a unit of money, see Hul. 3:2) from the chamber [?] (בית חללה), but not from the other limbs.
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