Talmud zu Tahorot 3:4

כַּבֵּיצָה אֳכָלִין שֶׁהִנִּיחָן בַּחַמָּה וְנִתְמַעֲטוּ, וְכֵן כַּזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת, וְכַזַּיִת מִן הַנְּבֵלָה, וְכָעֲדָשָׁה מִן הַשֶּׁרֶץ, כַּזַּיִת פִּגּוּל, כַּזַּיִת נוֹתָר, כַּזַּיִת חֵלֶב, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִים, וְאֵין חַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶן מִשּׁוּם פִּגּוּל, נוֹתָר וְטָמֵא. הִנִּיחָן בַּגְּשָׁמִים וְנִתְפְּחוּ, טְמֵאִין, וְחַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶם מִשּׁוּם פִּגּוּל, נוֹתָר וְטָמֵא:

Das Äquivalent [in Volumen] eines Eies von [unreinen] Nahrungsmitteln, das man in die Sonne legte und das schrumpfte, und in ähnlicher Weise das Äquivalent eines Eies [in Volumen] eines toten Körpers oder das Äquivalent eines Eies [in Volumen] eines Tierkadavers oder das Äquivalent einer Linse [in Volumen] eines Ungeziefer oder das Äquivalent einer Olive von Pigul [jedes Opfer, über das der Priester, der es brachte, eine ungültige Absicht hatte] oder das Äquivalent einer Olive von Resten [übrig gebliebene Opfer, die nach ihrer festgelegten Zeit übrig geblieben sind und dann zum Essen verboten werden] oder das Äquivalent einer Olive verbotener Fette, [wenn man eines davon in die Sonne legt und sie auf weniger als ihr ursprüngliches Maß schrumpfen], diese Dinge [die unreinen Lebensmittel, der Körper, der Kadaver und das Ungeziefer, die alle unrein waren] sind rein, und diese [die letzten drei Punkte auf der Liste] unterliegen aufgrund dessen nicht der Haftung, nicht für Schweinchen , noch für Reste, noch für [Essen] verbotener Fette [wörtlich: für Unreinheit]. Wenn man sie in den Regen stellt und sie anschwellen [zurück zu ihrem ursprünglichen vollen Maß], sind sie unrein, und man haftet wegen ihnen für Pigul , für Reste und für [Essen] verbotener Fette [wörtlich: für Verunreinigung].

Jerusalem Talmud Terumot

There¹⁰⁰Mishnah Ṭahorot 3:4. The discussion is about the second part of the Mishnah, not quoted in the text: “If they were put into the rain and swelled they are impure …” The volumes indicated are the minima that may carry impurity or make their consumption a criminal offense., we have stated: “[Profane] food in the volume of an egg that was left in the sun and shrank, similarly the volume of an olive from a carcass¹⁰¹Lev. 11:24–25., or the volume of a lentil of a crawling thing¹⁰²Lev. 11:31–32., the volume of an olive rejected or overdue [sacrifice]¹⁰³Rejected sacrifice is sacrifice made with the wrong intentions, Lev. 19:7; overdue is sacrifice left after the allotted time has expired (one night, day and night, or two days and the night in between, as the case may be; Lev. 7:17.), or of fat¹⁰⁴The fat in lumps in the body, Lev. 7:22–26., are pure.” The Southerners say, only if it originally was the volume of an olive¹⁰⁵In matters of impurity and dietary laws, it is not the actual volume that counts but the volume at the time the impurity or prohibition first arose. If impurity or prohibition are impossible in the original state, they cannot be acquired by subsequent swelling. Rebbi Joḥanan and Simeon ben Laqish hold that only the actual volume at the moment matters. Everybody agrees that his guidelines carry over to the determination of heave of the tithe.; Rebbi Joḥanan and Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish both say, even if originally it was less than the volume of an olive. There¹⁰⁶Mishnah Menaḥot 5:1: “All flour sacrifices are brought unleavened except the breads for a thanksgiving sacrifice (Lev. 7:13) and the Two Breads [for Pentecost (Lev. 23:17)] which are leavened. Rebbi Meïr says, the sour dough is made from the dedicated flour. Rebbi Jehudah says, this is not of the best but he brings sour dough, puts it into the measuring vessel and fills the latter [with flour.] They said to him,that will make it deficient or redundant.”
The problem is that in each case, the amount of flour necessary is prescribed by biblical law. According to R. Meïr, one takes the exact amount, and then takes from this a small amount which is moistened to make it sour; then the sour dough is returned to the original flour which is moistened and kneaded. R. Jehudah notes that this will make poor bread; he prefers real sour dough to be used in addition to the flour of the offering. He is told that in this case, when the finished product must have specified size, his procedure probably will never be exactly right., we have stated: “They said to him, that will make it deficient or redundant.” Who said this to him? Rebbi Meïr! Sometimes the sour dough will be of high quality and it rises; if it were fine flour it would have shrunk but now, since the sour dough is of high quality it rose; you have to look at the risen [dough] as if it had shrunk; it looks deficient. Sometimes the sour dough is bad and it shrinks¹⁰⁷It does not actually shrink but will not rise. Since the measure was not full to start out with, in order to accomodate the rising dough, one now will have invalidated the offering because it is too small.; if it were fine flour it would have risen but now, since the sour dough is bad, it shrinks; you have to look at the shrunken [dough] as if it had risen; it looks redundant. According to Rebbi Jeremiah, the Southerners, Rebbi Joḥanan, and Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish, all three say the same thing in case it is redundant¹⁰⁸This text, confirmed by the mss., is impossible since the Southerners disagree with Rebbis Joḥanan and Simeon ben Laqish precisely in the case of swelling food. In must read: Rebbi Jeremiah, Rebbis Joḥanan, and Simeon ben Laqish all three say the same. The next sentence must then read: The Southerners, Rebbi Jonah and Yose all three say the same. The first group takes all food as is, the others agree only on shrinking, not on expanding food. The statements of Rebbis Jeremiah, Jonah, and Yose are in the preceding paragraph and deal with heave of the tithe.. According to Rebbi Jonah and Rebbi Yose, all three say the same thing in case it is deficient. Those of Bar Patti cooked rice and had forgotten to put it in order¹⁰⁹To tithe or at least give heave of the tithe by the rules of demay.. The colleagues wanted to say, he should take raw [rice] corresponding to the cooked. Rebbi Yose said to them, I also am saying so because regularly it increases in volume.

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