Ein Tevul Yom [eine Person, die an diesem Tag zur Reinigung eingetaucht ist, aber auf den Einbruch der Nacht warten muss, um vollständig rein zu sein] und ein Mechusar Kippurim [einer, der sich durch Eintauchen gereinigt hat, aber noch ein Opfer bringen muss, bevor er von Opfergaben isst ], erhalte nicht [Teile] der Opfer, die an diesem Abend gegessen werden. Ein Onen [eine Person, deren enger Verwandter gestorben ist, aber noch nicht begraben wurde] kann [Opfer] berühren, aber [sie] nicht anbieten und erhält an diesem Abend keine Portionen zum Essen. Fehlerhafte Priester erhalten Portionen und können [Opferfleisch unabhängig davon] essen, unabhängig davon, ob ihre Fehler dauerhaft oder vorübergehend sind. [Makelpriester] dürfen jedoch nicht amtieren [Opfer bringen]. Wer nicht in der Lage ist, den [Tempel] -Dienst zu verrichten, erhält [eine Portion] Fleisch nicht zum Essen, und wer [eine Portion] Fleisch nicht erhält, erhält [eine Portion] der Häute nicht. [Wenn ein Priester] zu dem Zeitpunkt unrein war, als das Blut [auf dem Altar] gesprengt wurde, erhält er [einen Teil] des Fleisches nicht, selbst wenn er zum Zeitpunkt der Verbrennung der Fette rein wurde, wie es heißt (3. Mose 7) : 33) "Er unter den Söhnen Aharons, der das Blut der Shelamim anbietet [ein Opfer, dessen verschiedene Teile von seinen Besitzern, den Kohanim und dem Feuer auf dem Altar verzehrt werden], und das Fett erhält den rechten Oberschenkel für eine Portion."
Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
טבול יום – he (i.e., a Kohen) who has immersed [in a ritual bath] and came out but his sunset has yet occurred (i.e., see the rationale provided by the Bartenura commentary in Tractate Berakhot, Chapter 1, Mishnah 1 for defining when the Shema is recited in the evening).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
Introduction
Our chapter discusses what parts of the sacrifices the priests receive. Our mishnah begins by pointing out which priests do not receive a share.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
ומחוסר כפורים – such as person with a flux or a leper or a woman who gave birth who immersed [in a ritual bath] and their [respective] sunsets had arrived but they had not brought their atonement [sacrifices].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
A tebul yom and one who lacks atonement do not share in sacrifices for consumption in the evening. A tebul yom is a priest who immersed in a mikveh in order to cleanse himself of his impurity but the sun has not yet set upon him. He cannot eat sacrifices, although he is clean once he has been in the mikveh. “One who lacks atonement” is an impure priest, for instance one who had been a zav, who had to bring a sacrifice the day after he immerses in a mikveh. He cannot eat sacrificial meat until after he brings the sacrifices, even though he is clean after having gone in the mikveh. Both of these types of priest do not receive their share of sacrificial meat today, in order to eat it tomorrow, or tonight. Since they cannot currently eat sacrifices, they lose out on their share.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
אינן חולקין בקדשים – since it is not appropriate for them to be eating [until they bring their sacrifices on the morrow], they do not divide [the food] for the evening when they become pure, as it is written (Leviticus 6:19): “The priest who offers it as a sin offering shall eat of it,” the Kohen that is appropriate for purification shares it, he who is not appropriate for purification does not share it. But it is impossible to state that a Kohen who is not appropriate for purification at the time of the offering does not eat, for there is a minor that is not appropriate for purification who consumes it, but by force, he should eat it, as the Biblical verse states, he should divide it in order to be able to eat from it, it is stated, for the Biblical verse excludes it from division in the language of seating, we learn from it that a Kohen who is appropriate for eating can divide it, but one who is not qualified for eating does not divide it. Therefore, those with blemishes divide it, even though they are not appropriate for purification, they are appropriate for eating, as it is written (Leviticus 21:22): “He may eat of the food of his God, of the most holy as well as the holy” (though as we learn in the previous verse, if the Kohen has a defect, he shall not be qualified to offer up the food of his God).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
An onen may handle [sacrifices], but he may not offer them, and he does not receive a share for consumption in the evening. An onen is a person (in this case a priest) whose close relative has died. The priest remains an onen on the day of the death according to Torah law, but the rabbis add that he remains an onen throughout the following night as well. An onen is not allowed to eat sacrifices, but he can touch them, for he is not impure. He does not receive a share in order to eat that night, since this is rabbinically forbidden.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
אונן נוגע – and he who immersed [in a ritual bath] but he whose mind was not diverted from his immersion all the while that he is a mourning a kinsman prior to burial. For if he diverted his mind and then touched it, even after he immersed [in a ritual bath], he has invalidated it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
Priests with blemishes, whether permanent or passing, receive a share and may eat [of the sacrifices] but they may not offer them. A priest with a blemish cannot offer sacrifices, but he can eat them and therefore he receives his share with the other priests. See Leviticus 21:21-23.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
וכל שאינו ראוי לעבודה אינו חולק בבשר – except for those who have blemishes for even though that they are not qualified for Temple service, they divide/share the meat, for we extend the scope of he Biblical verse explicitly, as it is written (Leviticus 21:22): “He may eat of the food of his God, of the most holy as well as of the holy,” and it is written (Leviticus 6:11): “Only the males among Aaron’s descendants may eat of it,” to include those with defects for the sharing of the food, if for eating, it is already stated, “he may eat….as well as of the holy.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
Whoever is not eligible for service does not share in the flesh. A priest who is not eligible to take part in the service, for instance a priest who is impure, does not receive part of the sacrificial flesh. The exception is those with blemishes, as stated in section three.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
וטהור בשעת הקטר חלבים – which is all night long (see the end of Tractate Berakhot, Chapter 1, Mishnah 1). As for example, that he immersed and was purified with the setting of the sun.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
And he who does not share in the flesh does not share in the hides. Someone who doesn’t get his part of the flesh, also loses out on his part of the hides of the sacrifices.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
אינו חולק – for a Kohen does not share in the Holy Things until he is pure from the time of the sprinkling of the blood until the time of the burning of the fat, but if he became ritually impure between one and the other, he does not share in the Holy Things.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
Even if one was unclean when the blood was sprinkled but clean when the fats were burned [on the altar], he does not share in the flesh, for it is said: “he among the sons of Aaron, that offers the blood of the shelamim, and the fat, shall have the right thigh for a portion” (Leviticus 7:33). Even if the person was impure during the day when the blood was sprinkled on the altar, and then pure in the evening when the fats were burned, he still doesn’t get a share of the flesh or hides, until he is pure at the point when the blood is sprinkled. This is derived from the verse which says that one who offers both the blood and the fat gets a portion of the flesh – but if he can’t offer the blood, he loses his portion. In other words, no blood, no flesh!
