Mischna
Mischna

Kommentar zu Yoma 2:3

הַפַּיִס הַשֵּׁנִי, מִי שׁוֹחֵט, מִי זוֹרֵק, וּמִי מְדַשֵּׁן מִזְבֵּחַ הַפְּנִימִי, וּמִי מְדַשֵּׁן אֶת הַמְּנוֹרָה, וּמִי מַעֲלֶה אֵבָרִים לַכֶּבֶשׁ, הָרֹאשׁ וְהָרֶגֶל, וּשְׁתֵּי הַיָּדַיִם, הָעֹקֶץ וְהָרֶגֶל, הֶחָזֶה וְהַגֵּרָה, וּשְׁתֵּי הַדְּפָנוֹת, וְהַקְּרָבַיִם, וְהַסֹּלֶת, וְהַחֲבִתִּין, וְהַיָּיִן. שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר כֹּהֲנִים זָכוּ בוֹ. אָמַר בֶּן עַזַּאי לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, דֶּרֶךְ הִלּוּכוֹ הָיָה קָרֵב:

Die zweite Lotterie: Wer schlachtet [den Tamid?] Wer streut? [etc. Alle diese Dienstleistungen wurden mit einer Lotterie vergeben. Derjenige, mit dem die Zählung endete, wurde, wie wir erklärten, ausgezeichnet. Er besprengte den Altar mit Blut, nachdem er es in der Sprühschale erhalten hatte (der Sprinkler war der Empfänger), und der neben ihm schlachtete (der Tamid). Und obwohl das Schlachten dem Empfang des Blutes vorausgeht, weil der Dienst des Besprengens größer ist als der des Schlachtens (Schlachten im Gegensatz zum Besprühen, kasher mit einem Nichtpriester, die Mizwa des Priestertums, die durch das Empfangen erhalten wird), Aus diesem Grund wurde der erste in der Lotterie mit Streuseln und der neben ihm mit Schlachten ausgezeichnet. Der neben ihm entfernt die Asche vom (inneren) Altar; der neben ihm entfernt die Asche von der Menora und so weiter.] Wer entfernt die Asche vom inneren Altar? Wer entfernt die Asche von der Menora? Wer bringt die Glieder die Rampe hoch? Der Kopf und das [rechte] Bein [mit einem Priester], die beiden Vorderbeine [mit einem zweiten Priester], der Schwanz und das [linke] Bein [mit einem dritten Priester], die Brust [das Fett der Brust zeigt zum Boden , auf beiden Seiten geschnitten, ohne die Köpfe der Rippen] und die Gerah [die Stelle, an der sie Gerah (cud) hervorbringt, dh den Hals, an dem die Luftröhre mit der Leber und dem Herzen befestigt ist], die beiden Brustkorb, Eingeweide, Mehl, Brust und Gerah mit einem vierten; die zwei Brustkorb mit einem fünften; die Eingeweide mit einem sechsten; das Mehl (ein Issaron für das Trankopfer der Tamid) mit einem siebten] und das Chavitin (ein halbes Issaron für die Speisopfer des Hohepriesters, das jeden Tag mit den T'midim angeboten wird. nämlich. (3. Mose 6:13): "... die Hälfte davon morgens und die Hälfte davon abends" mit einem achten] und der Wein [drei Protokolle für das tamidische Trankopfer mit einem neunten]. Dreizehn Priester wurden hiermit [(durch diese Lotterie) die dreizehn Priesterdienste verliehen, die hier gemäß dem Befehl der Mischna aufgezählt wurden]. Ben Azzai sagte vor R. Akiva im Namen von R. Yehoshua: Es [der Tamid] wird in der Art seines Gehens [in seinem Leben. Das erste Tanna besagt, dass die Auswahlteile zuerst angeboten werden, und Ben Azzai hält (dass es angeboten wird) in der Art seines Gehens: den Kopf und den Fuß, die Brust und die Gerah, die zwei Vorderbeine, die zwei Brustkorb , der Schwanz und das (Hinter-) Bein. Die Halacha stimmt nicht mit Ben Azzai überein.]

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

מי שוחט – the daily offering (of mid-afternoon).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yoma

The second count:
who slaughters [the daily regular offering],
who sprinkles [the blood],
who removes the ashes from the inner altar,
who removes the ashes from the candlestick, 5-10) Who takes the limbs [of the offering up to the ramp],
the head and the [right] hind-leg,
the two forelegs,
the tail and the [left] hind-leg,
the breast and the throat,
the two flanks,
the innards,
the fine flour,
the cakes
and the wine. Altogether thirteen priests merited a task.
Ben Azzai said before Rabbi Akiba in the name of Rabbi Joshua: [the daily offering] was offered up in the way it walks.

In yesterday’s mishnah we learned that the priest who won the first count would remove the ashes from the large outer altar. Today we learn about the second count. There were thirteen different tasks assigned through this one count. The first task would be performed by the person whose finger the counted ended on, and the next would be assigned to the person on his right and so on.
All of these tasks are connected to the “tamid”, the daily offering.
Some of these tasks are self-explanatory, so I shall not delay upon them. I will only discuss those which are not.
Section three: “who removes the ashes from the inner altar”: this is the incense altar.
Sections five-ten: “Who takes the limbs [of the offering up to the ramp]”: we learned in Shekalim 8:8 that the priests would take the limbs up to the middle of the ramp and then before they were brought to the altar, the priests would go read the Shema. The mishnah now lists the parts of the animal. The fifth through the tenth priests all take one of these parts up to the ramp.
Section eleven: “The fine flour” is referred to in Exodus 29:9 and Numbers 28:5.
Section twelve: “The cakes”: this refers to the high priest’s minhah offering, which was offered each day, half in the morning and half at night. These cakes were cooked on a griddle with oil (Leviticus 6:13-14).
Section thirteen: “And the wine”: the thirteenth priest would bring the wine libation (Exodus 29:40 and Numbers 28:7).
Section fourteen: Ben Azzai disputes the order in which the parts of the animal were brought up the ramp and put onto the altar. He holds that the parts of the animal are sacrificed from the front of the animal to the back. The Talmud explains that the order is: 1) head and right hind-leg: 2) the breast and throat; 3) the two forelegs; 4) the flanks; 5) the tail and the left hind-leg.
In contrast, the first opinion in the mishnah holds that they are sacrificed in order of their size, with the one exception that the head comes first because of Leviticus 1:12 which lists the head first.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

מי זורק וכו' – all the acts of Divine worship are done at one arbitration/count (i.e., by counting out a certain number of raised fingers of those among whom a decision is to be made. For whomever completed through him the count, according to how we explained it, is worthy, and he casts the blood to the altar after he receives the blood in the bowl (out of which the sprinkling of the blood is done), for the person who casts the blood is the person who receives it. And nearest him is the person who slaughters, and even though the slaughtering precedes the reception of the blood, nevertheless, because the Divine service of the casting is greater than the slaughtering, for the slaughtering is valid [when done] by a foreigner (i.e., a non-Kohen), which is not the case regarding the casting and the reception [of the blood] and further which is the commandment of the Kohanim, therefore, the first one who was found worthy in the arbitration for the casting [of the blood], and the one nearest him, in the slaughtering, and the one next to the slaughterer, removes the ashes from the altar, and the one nearest to the individual who removes the ashes from the altar removes the ashes from the candelabrum/Menorah, and similarly for all of them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

הראש והרגל – of the right side by one Kohen.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

ושתי הידים – by a second Kohen.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

העוקץ – that is the tail.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

והרגל – of the left side, with the third Kohen.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

החזה – that is the fat of the of the breast which looks towards the ground, and we sever it this way and that way without the heads of the wing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

והגרה – the place where the ruminant, which is the neck, and through it are attached the windpipe, the lung with the liver and the heart. The breast and the neck is with a fourth Kohen.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

ושתי הדפנות – with a fifth Kohen.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

והקרבים – with a sixth [Kohen].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

והסולת – the one-tenth of an Ephah for the meal offering of his libation of the daily afternoon offering with a seventh [Kohen].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

והחביתים – half of one-tenth of an Ephah for the meal offering of the High Priest which is offered with the daily afternoon offering on each day, as it states (Leviticus 6:13): “half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening,” with an eighth Kohen.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

והיין – three LOGS for the libation of the daily afternoon offering, with a ninth [Kohen].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

י"ג כהנים זוכין בו – with this arbitration, thirteen Divine services of the Priests who are appointed for this according to the order that is written in the Mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

כדרך הלוכו – during his life.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

היה קרב – the daily afternoon offering. The first teacher holds that the best and most beautiful is offered first, but [Shimon] Ben Azzai holds that it is according to the way in which it is walked, the head and the leg, the breast and the neck, and the two forelegs, and the chest surrounding the lungs and the rib, and the rump and the hind legs. But the Halakha is not according to Ben Azzai.
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