Einer, der seine Scheidung zurücknimmt [nachdem sie wieder geheiratet hat], und einer, der seine Chaluzah heiratet [der ihm verboten ist (5. Mose 25: 9): "wer würde das Haus seines Bruders nicht bauen" —Sobald er es nicht gebaut hat (indem er Chalitzah gegeben hat), darf er es nicht mehr bauen] und einer, der die Verwandten seiner Chalutzah heiratet, [R. Akiva hält fest, dass seine Chaluzah wie seine Frau ist, die Schrift hat sie als sein "Haus" bezeichnet, nämlich. (Ebd. 10): "das Haus des entfernten Schuhs" (chalutz hana'al), und R. Akiva hält auch fest, dass das Kind einer verbotenen Ehe ein Mamzer ist. (Die Halacha ist nicht so.)] Muss sie rausschicken und das Kind ist ein Mamzer. Dies ist das Wort von R. Akiva. Und die Weisen sagen: Das Kind ist kein Mamzer. Und sie räumen ein, dass, wenn man die Angehörigen seiner Scheidung heiratet, das Kind ein Mamzer ist [denn seine Scheidung ist wie seine Frau, und ihre Mutter und ihre Schwester stehen unter krithuthem Verbot.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
מהחזיר את גרושתו – from whom he was married.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yevamot
Introduction
Our mishnah begins to discuss the definition of a mamzer, the child of an illicit union. The question that is asked is: which illicit unions produce children that are considered mamzers?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
והנושא את חלוצתו – since we establish regarding him with the negative commandment (Deuteronomy 25:9): “ [Thus shall be done to the man] who will not build up his brother’s house,” since he did not “build up,” he furthermore will not build up.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yevamot
A man who remarried his divorced wife, or married his halutzah, or married the relative of his halutzah must divorce her, and the child is a mamzer; the words of Rabbi Akiva. But the Sages say: the child is not a mamzer. They agree that where a man married the relative of his divorcee the child is a mamzer. According to Deuteronomy 24:2-4 if a man divorces his wife and she remarries and then is divorced or widowed, the first husband may not remarry her. As we have seen throughout this tractate a man may not marry his halutzah or the relative of his halutzah (for instance her mother or daughter). Rabbi Akiva says that if the man does transgress and marry one of these women he must divorce her and the child is a mamzer. As we shall see in the next mishnah, Rabbi Akiva holds that the child of any illegal union is a mamzer. The Sages disagree and hold that the child is not a mamzer. As we shall see in the next mishnah, the Sages hold that a union that is a transgression of a negative commandment that is not punished by death or kareth does not create a mamzer. Since these transgressions are not punished by kareth, the child is not a mamzer. Furthermore, the prohibition of the sister of one’s halutzah is only derabbanan (of rabbinic origin) and therefore the child cannot be a mamzer. Marrying the relative of one’s divorcee is biblically prohibited and is punishable by kareth. Therefore the Sages agree with Rabbi Akiva that the child is a mamzer.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
והנושא קרובת חלוצתו – since Rabbi Akiva holds that the woman who takes off the shoe and spits in his face (by refusing to perform levirate marriage) is like his wife, and Scripture calls her, “his house,” as it is written (Deuteronomy 25:10): “the family of the un-sandaled one.” And also, Rabbi Akiva holds that there is a Mamzer from those who are liable for violating negative commandments, but this is not the Halakha.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
קרובת גרושתו – for his divorced wife is like his wife, and her mother and her sister [if they are subsequently married to him] make him liable for extirpation.
