Wenn eine Se'ah von Terumah in hundert [von Chulin ] fiel und sie zermahlen und [in loser Schüttung] reduziert wurden, so wie das Chulin reduziert wurde, wurde auch die Terumah reduziert, und es ist erlaubt. Wenn eine Se'ah von Terumah in weniger als hundert [von Chulin ] fiel und sie zermahlen und an Masse zunahmen, so wie auch das Chulin zunahm, nahm auch die Terumah zu, und es ist verboten. Wenn bekannt ist, dass die Kerne von Chulin besser waren als die von Terumah , ist dies zulässig. Wenn eine Se'ah von Terumah in weniger als hundert [von Chulin ] und [mehr] Chulin danach fiel, ist es zulässig, wenn es unbeabsichtigt war, aber wenn es beabsichtigt ist, ist es verboten.
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
וטחנן – all of it [was grounded] at one time.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Introduction
Sometimes when one grinds up wheat the volume seems to increase or decrease, depending on the quality of the wheat. Our mishnah deals with the ramifications that this has on the ratio of a pile into which terumah fell in.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
ופתחו – and we don’t say that unconsecrated produced lessened but not the heave-offering, and there isn’t one-and one-hundred [parts neutralizing it] and it is forbidden.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
If a seah of terumah fell into a hundred [of hullin], and they were ground together and reduced in bulk, just as the hullin was reduced so too the terumah was reduced, and it is permitted. When the seah fell into the terumah the pile had the required 100-1 ratio and therefore, the seah could be taken out. However, before he succeeded in taking out the one seah the pile was ground and it was reduced in bulk. The mishnah rules that we can assume that the mixture was uniformly reduced, both the terumah and the hullin. Therefore, the mixture will be permitted to non-priests once he takes out the seah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
ואם ידוע שהחטים של חוליין יפות משל תרומה מותר -, and those of the unconsecrated produce increased [in amount] but those of heave-offering did not increase, and there is here one-and one-hundred, but even though that initially they were forbidden, they returned and became increased through grinding, and even ab initio, he is able to grind it in order to permit them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
If a seah of terumah fell into less than a hundred [of hullin] and they were ground together and increased in bulk, just as the hullin became more, so too the terumah became more, and it is forbidden. If it is known that the kernels of hullin were better than the terumah, it is permitted. Conversely, if a seah of terumah fell into less than one hundred of hullin, the mixture is prohibited to a non-priest. If he grinds it and it increases in bulk, it is still forbidden to non-priests because we assume that just as the terumah increased so too did the hullin. However, there is one situation where we would not make this assumption. If the kernels of hullin were known to be of higher quality than the kernels of terumah, then we can assume that the hullin increased and not the terumah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
ואם מזיד אסור – the Rabbis fined him because he nullified a prohibition ab initio, and the same law applies to all of the prohibitions in the Torah that were nullified willfully that are prohibited.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
If a seah of terumah fell into less than a hundred [of hullin], and more hullin fell in afterwards, if it was accidental it is permissible, but if intentional it is forbidden. In this case, when the seah originally fell into the pile there was not sufficient hullin to neutralize it. Subsequently more hullin fell in, thereby creating the necessary 100-1 ratio. If this hullin fell in accidentally, then the mixture becomes permissible. However, if he puts it in intentionally, then it is prohibited. One cannot intentionally create the 100-1 ratio.
