Ein vergeblicher Eid wird mit Männern und Frauen, mit Nicht-Verwandten und mit Verwandten geleistet [z. B. wenn er über einen Mann schwor, ob Nicht-Verwandte oder Verwandte, dass er eine Frau ist], ob Kasher (um auszusagen) oder nicht, sowohl vor Beth-Din als auch nicht vor Beth-Din —durch seinen eigenen Mund. Bei vorsätzlicher Übertretung neigt man zu Streifen; Für unabsichtliche Übertretungen haftet er nicht. Wenn er sowohl von [einem vergeblichen Eid als auch einem Eid der Aussprache] von anderen beschworen wird, haftet er [wenn er mit "Amen" antwortet]. Wie? Wenn er sagte: "Ich habe heute nicht gegessen" oder "Ich habe heute kein Tefillin angezogen" (und ein anderer sagte :) "Ich trage dich", und er antwortete "Amen", ist er haftbar.
Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
שבועת שוא, ברחוקים ובקרובים – he swears concerning a man that he is a woman, whether he is not related or whether he is related.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
Introduction
This mishnah is similar to the previous mishnah except that it discusses the vain oath. The end of the mishnah discusses a similarity between the two oaths: in both cases one person can adjure another person.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
אחת זו ואחת זו – the oath taken in vain/false oath and the oath of testimony are one and the same, if others forced him to take an oath he is liable if he responded, “Amen.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
A vain oath applies to men and women, to relatives and non-relatives, to those qualified [to bear witness] and those not qualified, [whether uttered] before the court, or not before the court, [but it must be uttered] with a man's own mouth. And he is liable, for intentional transgression, stripes, and for unintentional transgression he is exempt. This section is the same as the previous mishnah. It is here only to contrast it with the rules of the testimonial oath taught in the next chapter.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
[In the case of] both this and that [oath], if he was adjured by the mouth of others, he is liable. How so? If he said, “I have not eaten today,” or, “I have not put on tefillin today” [and the another person said,] “I adjure thee,” and he said, “Amen!”, he is liable [if his oath was false]. A person need not utter the entire oath on his own in order for it to be valid. If he makes a statement without using the language of an oath, and then another person adjures him with regards to the truth of his words, and he answers “amen”, he has sworn an oath. In this case his answer “amen” to another person using the language of an oath makes it as if he himself swore. If his oath is false he will be liable.
