Beide Israeliten, Cohanim, und der gesalbte Priester (dh der Hohepriester) [werden vom weggeschickten Kind für die anderen Übertretungen gesühnt (siehe oben), es gibt keinen Unterschied zwischen ihnen.] Es ist nur das Blut der Ochsen büßen für die Cohanim, weil sie das Heiligtum und seine geheiligten Gegenstände beschmutzt haben. [dh, was auch immer das innere Kind (von Jom Kippur) im Namen der Israeliten büßt, dh das Urteil für Israeliten aussetzen, wo es am Anfang, aber nicht am Ende Bewusstsein gibt, und das Heiligtum und seine Objekte absichtlich beschmutzen— Ebenso, wofür auch immer das äußere Kind büßt (im Namen der Israeliten) —Der Ochse des Hohepriesters, der auf Jom Kippur geopfert wurde, sühnt im Namen der Kohanim.] R. Shimon sagt: So wie das Blut des Kindes in Sühnen für Israel präsentiert wird, so büßt das Blut des Ochsen für Kohanim. So wie das Geständnis über das weggeschickte Kind für Israel büßt, so büßt das Geständnis über den Ochsen für die Cohanim. [dh Sie geben zu, dass das Blut des inneren Kindes ohne Geständnis für Israel büßt, da es kein Geständnis über das innere Kind gibt, sondern über das weggeschickte Kind— So büßt das Blut des Ochsen für die Kohanim ohne Geständnis, weil sie das Heiligtum und seine Gegenstände beschmutzt haben, und lässt das Geständnis über dem Ochsen (anstelle des Geständnisses über das weggeschickte Kind) im Namen der Kohanim büßen für die anderen Übertretungen, und sie haben keine Sühne durch das weggeschickte Kind.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
אחד ישראל ואחד כהנים – this is what he said: [It effects atonement all the same] whether one is an Israelite or whether one is a Kohen or whether one is an anointed priest, the goat that is sent away atones in the rest of the sins and there is no distinction between them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
Introduction
Mishnah seven discusses differences between the atonement of Israelites and the atonement of priests.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
אלא שדם הפר מכפר על הכהנים על טומאת מקדש וקדשיו – all that the inner goat expiates for the Jewish people (i.e., non-Kohanim), meaning/it is identical with the suspense/doubt of the Israelites depend upon an awareness [of sin] at the beginning but there isn’t awareness at the end, and willful defilement of the Sanctuary and its Holy Things, and similarly the atonement of the outer goat, the bullock of the High Priest that is sacrificed on Yom Kippur which atones for the Kohanim.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
[The scapegoat] brings atonement to Israelites, priests, and the anointed high priest alike. What [then] is the difference between Israelites, priests, and the anointed high priest? [None], save that the bullock [offered on the Day of Atonement] brings atonement to the priests for transgressions of the laws of impurity in connection with the temple and holy food. The scapegoat mentioned in the previous mishnah atones for the transgression of all of the members of Israel, including the priests. The one difference between priests and regular Israelites is that priests are atoned for transgressions of the laws of impurity in connection with the temple and holy food by the sacrificial bullock, brought on Yom Kippur. This is learned from Leviticus 16:11, “Aaron shall then offer his bull of sin offering, to make expiation for himself and his household.” “His household” refers to all of the priesthood. However, except for this difference, there is not difference in the atonement process for priests and Israelites.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
Rabbi Shimon says: “Just as the blood of the goat that is offered within [the Holy of Holies] brings atonement for Israelites, so the blood of the bullock [offered on the Day of Atonement] brings atonement for priests; and just as the confession of sins pronounced over the scapegoat brings atonement for Israelites, so the confession pronounced over the bullock brings atonement for priests. Rabbi Shimon disagrees with the opinion in the previous mishnah. H learns this by means of an analogy. Israelites receive atonement for transgressions of the laws of impurity in connection with the temple and holy food by the sprinkling of the blood of the inner goat, without the confessional recited on the scapegoat. So too do priests receive atonement for transgressions of the laws of impurity in connection with the temple and holy food by the means of the blood of the sacrificial bullock without the confessional mentioned Leviticus 16:11. Therefore, we must ask, for what sin does the confessional bring atonement? According to Rabbi Shimon the confessional over the bullock acts for priests the same way that the confessional over the scapegoat acts for Israelites. Just as the confessional over the scapegoat brings atonement for all sins for Israelites, so too the confessional over the bullock brings atonement for all sins for priests. This is the disagreement between Rabbi Shimon and the opinion in section one: according to Rabbi Shimon priests receive atonement for most of their sins by the confession over the bullock, while according to the other Sages they receive atonement the same way other Israelites do, by the confession over the scapegoat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
רבי שמעון אומר כשם – that you admit regarding the blood of the inner goat that atones for the Israelites, an expiation without confession, for there is no confession regarding the inner goat, other than the goat which is sent away, so too, the blood of the bullock without any confession atones for the Kohanim on their defilement of the Sanctuary and its Holy Things, one adds for him his confessions of the bullock in place of the confession of the goat that is sent away to expiate for the Kohanim with the rest of the sins, for they have no atonement with the goat that is sent away.
