Kommentar zu Sheviit 3:9
אַבְנֵי כָתֵף, בָּאוֹת מִכָּל מָקוֹם. וְהַקַּבְּלָן, מֵבִיא מִכָּל מָקוֹם. וְאֵלּוּ הֵם אַבְנֵי כָתֵף, כָּל שֶׁאֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לְהִנָּטֵל בְּאַחַת יָד, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַבְנֵי כָתֵף כִּשְׁמָן, כָּל שֶׁהֵן נִטָּלוֹת שְׁתַּיִם שָׁלֹשׁ עַל הַכָּתֵף:
"Schultersteine" können von jedem Ort mitgebracht werden. Ein Auftragnehmer kann [jede Art von Stein] von jedem Ort aus einbringen. "Schultersteine" sind: jeder [Stein], der nicht mit einer Hand aufgenommen werden kann - so sagt Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yosi sagt, "Schultersteine" sind so, wie sie klingen - jeder [Stein], der zwei oder drei auf der Schulter getragen werden kann.
Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
באות מכל מקום – even within his own [field] for he surely knows that it was established for building and not to improve/repair the field.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
Shoulder-stones may be removed from any place.
And the contractor may bring them from anywhere.
Which are shoulder-stones? Any one that cannot be picked up with one hand, the words of Rabbi Meir.
But Rabbi Yose says: the name is to be taken literally; those that are carried on a man’s shoulder, either two or three at a time.
This mishnah continues to deal with the topic of which stones may be removed from a field without it looking like he is clearing his field for planting.
Section one: Since it will be clear when he removes the shoulder-stones that he is going to use them in building and that he is not removing them in order to clear his field, it is always permitted to remove such stones.
Section two: A building contractor is allowed to bring stones that are even smaller than shoulder-stones because it is obvious that he is taking them for building and not in order to clear a field.
Others interpret a “contractor” to mean one who has contracted the field, meaning that is he is sharecropping it for someone else. Since this is not his field, it is more permissible for him to take stones out of it and he may take stones that are even smaller than shoulder-stones.
Section three: Of course, we now have to define what shoulder-stones are. According to Rabbi Meir a shoulder-stone is just another way of saying a stone that is too large for a person to pick up with one hand.
Rabbi Yose on the other hand does not understand the term “shoulder-stone” to signify the size of the stone. Rather this term refers to the way that they are carried, two or three on one’s shoulder at the same time.
And the contractor may bring them from anywhere.
Which are shoulder-stones? Any one that cannot be picked up with one hand, the words of Rabbi Meir.
But Rabbi Yose says: the name is to be taken literally; those that are carried on a man’s shoulder, either two or three at a time.
This mishnah continues to deal with the topic of which stones may be removed from a field without it looking like he is clearing his field for planting.
Section one: Since it will be clear when he removes the shoulder-stones that he is going to use them in building and that he is not removing them in order to clear his field, it is always permitted to remove such stones.
Section two: A building contractor is allowed to bring stones that are even smaller than shoulder-stones because it is obvious that he is taking them for building and not in order to clear a field.
Others interpret a “contractor” to mean one who has contracted the field, meaning that is he is sharecropping it for someone else. Since this is not his field, it is more permissible for him to take stones out of it and he may take stones that are even smaller than shoulder-stones.
Section three: Of course, we now have to define what shoulder-stones are. According to Rabbi Meir a shoulder-stone is just another way of saying a stone that is too large for a person to pick up with one hand.
Rabbi Yose on the other hand does not understand the term “shoulder-stone” to signify the size of the stone. Rather this term refers to the way that they are carried, two or three on one’s shoulder at the same time.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
והקבלן (and the contractor) – who received the field as a tenant (who tills the wowner’s ground for a certain share in the produce). מביא מכל מקום – and even from the same field that he is a tenant in it, even small stones, for [this field] is not [considered as his own, and there are those who explain that the contractor that is his manner to build buildings through his contract-labor as it is not] his intention other than to gather/collect stones he brings [nevertheless and even from] his own [field].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
ר' יוסי אומר כו' – and the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yossi.
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