R. Yehudah sagte weiter: Zwei Chaloth [von Chametz] der Todah (das Dankopfer) waren Pasul (nicht zum Essen geeignet) [von Linah Pasul gemacht worden (die Nacht vergangen, ohne gegessen worden zu sein)], und sie wurden angelegt das Dach der Itzteva (der Tempelportikus). [Denn da es am dreizehnten Nissan viele Thanksgiving-Brote gab— denn wer eine todah zu bringen hatte, musste dies am dreizehnten tun —sie (diejenigen, die nicht gegessen worden waren) wurden am Morgen des vierzehnten von Linah Pasul. Das Erntedankbrot bestand aus vierzig Chaloth, zehn davon Chametz, und die Todah konnte (nur) am (gleichen) Tag und in der gleichen Nacht gegessen werden. Aber wenn sie am vierzehnten gebracht wurden, konnten die von Chametz nur bis zur sechsten Stunde gegessen werden; und es ist verboten, ein Opfer an einem Tag zu bringen, an dem die Zeit zum Essen verkürzt würde, denn "geweihte Opfer werden nicht zum Haus des Psul gebracht." Daher würde jeder, der verpflichtet war, eine Tadda zu bringen, dies am dreizehnten tun und sie am vierzehnten (umso mehr auf Pesach) nicht bringen können, so dass sie (dh einige von ihnen) von Linah am Pasul wurden Am Morgen des vierzehnten gab es nicht genug Esser. Weil sie Pasul waren, wurden sie dort platziert (denn wenn sie Kasher wären, würden sie sie nicht dort platzieren und sie absichtlich Pasul machen.) Sie wurden dort bis zum Zeitpunkt der Entfernung platziert und sie wurden verbrannt und sie wurden darauf platziert Das Dach der Itzteva soll als Zeichen sichtbar sein.] Solange sie dort lagen, aßen alle Menschen (Chametz). Als einer von ihnen entfernt wurde [Zu Beginn der fünften Stunde kam der Bote von Beth-Din und entfernte einen, wobei alle Leute verstanden, dass die fünfte Stunde gekommen war und] sie "suspendierten" (Aktivität)—sie haben weder gegessen noch verbrannt (chametz). Als beide entfernt worden waren, begannen alle Menschen zu brennen (ihr Chametz). R. Gamliel sagt: Chullin (weltliches Essen) wird alle vier (Stunden) gegessen; Terumah, alle fünf, [es ist verboten, absichtlich geweihtes Essen zu verschwenden, solange man es essen darf], und es wird zu Beginn des sechsten verbrannt, [denn die meisten Menschen können das siebte mit dem sechsten verwechseln. Die Halacha stimmt nicht mit R. Gamliel überein.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
שתי חלות – of leaven.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
This mishnah continues to deal with the time when chametz is burned.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
של תודה פסולות – which were invalidated for use by being kept overnight, since because there loaves of thanksgiving [offerings] on the thirteenth of Nisan, for everyone who had a thanksgiving offering to bring brought it on the thirteenth, they were invalidated for use by being kept overnight for the morning of the fourteenth. The thanksgiving loaves were forty Hallot, ten of them were leavened. And the thanksgiving offering were eaten day and night, and if they would bring them on the fourteenth, the ones of Hametz would not be eaten other than until the sixth hour, for it is forbidden to bring a sacrifice on the day when the time for their being eaten would be reduced, for one does not wittingly cause bring holy things (i.e., sacred meat) to a place where the unfit things are burnt (see Mishnah Zevahim, Chapter 8, Mishnah 3). Therefore, whomever had to bring a thanksgiving sacrifice would bring it on the thirteenth, but would not be able to bring it on the fourteenth and all the more so during Passover, for they would be invalidated for use by being kept overnight on the fourteenth day since for they would not be eaten so much, and because of this, invalidated ones were given there, for since they were not fit, no one would give them to invalidate them by their hands.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Rabbi Judah further said: two unfit loaves of thanksgiving used to lie on the roof of the [Temple] portico: as long as they lay [there] all the people would eat [chametz]. When one was removed, they would keep it in suspense, neither eating nor burning [it]. When both were removed, all the people began to burn [their chametz]. Rabbi Judah relates that in the Temple they made a sign which would let the people know until what time they could eat the chametz. They would put their two loaves of bread which were used in the thanksgiving offering (see Leviticus 7:13). They would use only loaves which were unfit for use (for instance, the time in which they could be eaten had passed), because they wouldn’t take fit loaves and leave them there to intentionally render them inedible. The rest is simple: the loaves were left there until the beginning of the fourth hour, the time until which Rabbi Judah holds one can eat chametz. When one was removed at the beginning of the fifth hour, they would cease eating their chametz, but not yet burn it. When the second was removed, they would begin to burn their chametz at the beginning of the sixth hour.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
שמונחות – there until the time of getting rid of [the leavened products] they would be burned.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Rabban Gamaliel says: non-sacred chametz may be eaten the whole of the four [hours] and terumah the whole of the five [hours] and they burn [them] at the beginning of the sixth [hour]. Rabban Gamaliel presents an opinion which lies somewhere between that of Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Judah from the previous mishnah. Rabban Gamaliel agrees with Rabbi Judah that non-sacred chametz, i.e. chametz which was not terumah, can only be eaten through the fourth hour. However, he holds that terumah may be eaten through the end of the fifth hour. This is to try to prevent as much as possible the need to burn terumah, which according to halakhah should not be burnt unnecessarily. Rabban Gamaliel agrees that they burn all of the chametz in the sixth hour.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
על גג האצטבא – that was on the Temple Mount, in order that they should see them there as a sign.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
אחת מהן – at the beginning of the fifth hour, an agent of the Jewish court would come and take one and all the people would recognize that the time of the fifth hour had arrived and would hold them in suspense.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ותרומת כל חמש – for it is forbidden to lose holy meat by one’s hands all the while that one can eat them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ושורפין בתחילת שש – for now it is certain that most people erred between the sixth and the seventh hour. But the Halakha is not according to Rabban Gamaliel.
