Kommentar zu Orlah 1:1
הַנּוֹטֵעַ לִסְיָג וּלְקוֹרוֹת, פָּטוּר מִן הָעָרְלָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ אָמַר הַפְּנִימִי לְמַאֲכָל וְהַחִיצוֹן לִסְיָג, הַפְּנִימִי חַיָּב, וְהַחִיצוֹן פָּטוּר:
Wer [einen Obstbaum] pflanzt, um als Zaun oder als Balken zu dienen, ist in den ersten drei Jahren nach seiner Pflanzung von [den Gesetzen von] Orlah [der Frucht eines Baumes ] befreit , dessen Verzehr oder Verwendung verboten ist ]. Rabbi Yose sagt, selbst wenn er beabsichtigte, dass die Innenseite für Obst und die Außenseite für einen Zaun ist, unterliegt die innere Frucht [ Orlah ], während die äußere befreit ist.
Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
נוטע לסייג – that the tree will be a fence for a vineyard.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Orlah
Introduction
Our mishnah teaches that if a fruit tree is planted for a reason other than to provide fruit, it is exempt from the laws of orlah and its fruit may be eaten within the first three years of growth. This law is a great example of the strong role intent, in Hebrew, kavvanah, plays in rabbinic law. The intent of the person planting the tree is what determines the status of its fruit, and not the mere physicality of whether the tree is three years or older.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
לקורות – to grow trees to make of them beams for building, but the essences of its planting is not to eat its fruit.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Orlah
One who plants [a fruit tree] as a fence or to provide wood beams, it is exempt from [the law of] orlah. As stated in the introduction, if the tree was planted for another reason other than for its fruit, its fruit is permitted immediately, without having to wait three years. This law also stems (no pun intended) from Leviticus 19:23, which begins, “When you enter the land and plant any tree for food...” The tree is subject to the laws of orlah only if it is planted for food.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
פטור מן הערלה – as it is written (Leviticus 19:23): “[When you enter the land] and plant any tree for food, [you shall regard its fruit as forbidden].” That which is for food is liable [for Orlah]; for a fence and for beams and for wood it is exempt.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Orlah
Rabbi Yose says: even if he said “The inward [facing part of the tree] is for food, and the outward [facing part] is for a fence,” the inward [facing part] is subject [to orlah], and the outward [facing part] is exempt. Rabbi Yose says that one can divide a tree into two parts. If the inward part, the part facing the field, was planted for food and the outer part was planted to serve as a fence to his field, he can eat the fruit of the outside part without waiting three years. But the laws of orlah do apply to the inside part.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
הפנימי למאכל – if he intended that the inner young shoot (especially of a fig-tree) [facing towards the field] will be for food and the outer young shoot [facing away from the field] will be for a fence, even though that everything is [from] one tree, the outer [young shoot] is exempt [from the laws of Orlah]. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yosi.
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