Kommentar zu Oktzin 1:2
שָׁרְשֵׁי הַשּׁוּם וְהַבְּצָלִים וְהַקַּפְלוֹטוֹת בִּזְמַן שֶׁהֵן לַחִין, וְהַפִּטְמָא שֶׁלָּהֶן בֵּין לַחָה בֵּין יְבֵשָׁה, וְהָעַמּוּד שֶׁהוּא מְכֻוָּן כְּנֶגֶד הָאֹכֶל, שָׁרְשֵׁי הַחֲזָרִים וְהַצְּנוֹן וְהַנָּפוּס, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֹׁרֶשׁ צְנוֹן גָּדוֹל מִצְטָרֵף, וְהַסִּיב שֶׁלּוֹ, אֵינוֹ מִצְטָרֵף. שָׁרְשֵׁי הַמִּתְנָא וְהַפֵּיגָם וְיַרְקוֹת שָׂדֶה וְיַרְקוֹת גִּנָּה שֶׁעֲקָרָן לְשָׁתְלָן, וְהַשִּׁדְרָה שֶׁל שִׁבֹּלֶת וְהַלְּבוּשׁ שֶׁלָּהּ, רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, אַף הַסִּיג שֶׁל רְצָפוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִטַּמְּאִין וּמְטַמְּאִים וּמִצְטָרְפִין:
"Wurzeln von Knoblauch, Zwiebeln und Lauch: wenn sie feucht sind, ihr Stiel: ob feucht oder trocken, und die Säule, die sich neben dem Essen befindet; die Wurzeln von Salat, Radieschen und Rübe [kombinieren für die minimale Eigröße], "die Worte von Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehudah sagt: "Die großen Wurzeln der Radieschen verbinden sich [für die minimale Eigröße], aber ihre Fasern verbinden sich nicht [für die minimale Eigröße]." Wurzeln von Minze, Rue, Feldgemüse, Gartengemüse, das zur Wiederbepflanzung entwurzelt wird, und die Getreidestiele und ihre Schalen - Rabbi Elazar sagt sogar die spinnennetzartige Abfallbedeckung - all diese sind anfällig für Verunreinigungen und können Verunreinigungen übertragen und kombinieren [für die minimale Eigröße].
Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
English Explanation of Mishnah Oktzin
Rabbi Judah says: only the large roots of the radish are included, but its fibrous roots are not included.
The roots of the mint, rue, wild herbs and garden herbs that have been uprooted in order to be planted elsewhere, and the spine of an ear of grain, and its husk.
Rabbi Elazar says: also the earth covering of roots;
All these things contract and convey impurity and are included.
Today's mishnah discusses what parts of certain types of produce are considered to be part of the plant.
Sections one through four: In these four sections, various tannaim determine what parts of certain types of produce, specifically the roots and the spines/stalks of root vegetables, count as being part of the produce. In general roots are part of the plant if they will either be eaten or if they will be used for replanting. Inedible roots are not part of the produce. So too other parts of the produce, and even the dirt accompanying the produce according to Rabbi Elazar, count with the produce if they are necessary to it. I think that most of these are fairly clear from the translation, so I won't explain each one on its own.
Section five: All of the parts of produce that are listed above do three things: they contract impurity if the rest of the piece of produce was defiled. If they are defiled they convey their impurity to the other part. Finally, they are reckoned with the remainder of the produce to constitute the requisite amount to become impure.