Wenn man sich vom "Schwarz des Kopfes" abhebt, ist es den Glatzköpfigen und Grauen verboten [ohne von denen gesprochen zu haben, die Haare haben], und er darf Frauen und Kindern, denn nur Männer werden "die Schwarzen" genannt des Kopfes. " [Denn Männer verbergen manchmal ihre Köpfe und enthüllen und "schwärzen" sie manchmal, wobei man sieht, dass sie Männer sind. Aber Frauen gehen immer mit bedecktem Kopf, und (kleine) Kinder, sowohl Männer als auch Frauen, gehen mit unbedeckten Köpfen und können nicht (ohne weiteres) als männlich oder weiblich unterschieden werden. Aus diesem Grund werden nur erwachsene Männer "der Schwarze des Kopfes" genannt.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אמר בקרחים ובבעלי השיבות – since he didn’t say, “with those who have hair.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
Introduction
This mishnah teaches that one who vows not to benefit from “the black-haired” is forbidden to benefit from all men, but not from women and children.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
שאין נקראים שחורי הראש אלא אנשים – because the men sometimes cover heir heads and sometimes reveal and blacken their heads that is recognized that they are men, but women always walk and their heads are covered. But the small children, whether boys or girls walk with their heads revealed and they are not recognized as to whether they are boys or girls, and because of this, they are not called, “black-haired,” but rather, the adult men.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
He who vows [not to benefit] from the black-haired may not [benefit] from the bald or the gray-haired, but may [benefit] from women and children, because only men are called black-haired. The word “black-haired” is interpreted to be a reference to men, whether or not they have black hair, gray hair or no hair at all. Women are not called “black-haired” because they typically covered their hair. They were called “head-coverers”. Children were called “head revealers” because they went without a head covering. However, men were called “black-haired” because sometimes they covered their heads and sometimes they did not. Furthermore, nearly all men had black hair. Indeed, the only other hair color referred to in the mishnah is gray. No blondes or brunettes in Palestine in the Mishnaic period.
