Kommentar zu Nazir 6:4
נָזִיר שֶׁהָיָה שׁוֹתֶה יַיִן כָּל הַיּוֹם, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב אֶלָּא אֶחָת. אָמְרוּ לוֹ אַל תִּשְׁתֶּה אַל תִּשְׁתֶּה, וְהוּא שׁוֹתֶה, חַיָּב עַל כָּל אַחַת וְאֶחָת. הָיָה מְגַלֵּחַ כָּל הַיּוֹם, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב אֶלָּא אֶחָת. אָמְרוּ לוֹ אַל תְּגַלֵּחַ אַל תְּגַלֵּחַ, וְהוּא מְגַלֵּחַ, חַיָּב עַל כָּל אַחַת וְאֶחָת. הָיָה מִטַּמֵּא לְמֵתִים כָּל הַיּוֹם, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב אֶלָּא אֶחָת. אָמְרוּ לוֹ אַל תִּטַּמָּא אַל תִּטַּמָּא, וְהוּא מִטַּמֵּא, חַיָּב עַל כָּל אַחַת וְאֶחָת:
Wenn ein Nazirit den ganzen Tag Wein getrunken hat [und er wurde nur einmal gewarnt], ist er nur einmal (für Streifen) verantwortlich. Wenn sie zu ihm sagten: "Trink nicht", "Trink nicht" [dh wenn er zwischen einem Trinken und dem nächsten gewarnt wurde] und er trank, haftet er für jeden. Wenn er sich den ganzen Tag rasiert hat, haftet er nur einmal. Wenn sie zu ihm sagten: "Nicht rasieren", "Nicht rasieren" und er sich rasierte, haftet er für jeden. Wenn er sich einen ganzen Tag für die Toten unrein gemacht hat, haftet er nur einmal. Wenn sie zu ihm sagten: "Mach dich nicht unrein", "Mach dich nicht unrein", und er machte sich unrein, haftet er für jeden.
Bartenura on Mishnah Nazir
English Explanation of Mishnah Nazir
[A nazirite who was] shaving all day long is liable for only a single penalty. If they said to him, “do not shave,” “do not shave” and he shaved, he is liable for a penalty for each time [they warned him].
[A nazirite who was] defiling himself with the dead all day long is liable for only a single penalty. If they said to him, “do not be defiled,” “do not be defiled” and he was defiled, he is liable for a penalty for each time [they warned him].
Every time that a person breaks a commandment s/he incurs a penalty. A question can be asked about a prohibition that can be broken continuously for an extended period of time, such as the Sabbath. For instance, writing is prohibited on Shabbat. If I write a letter that has five hundred words, how many times have I broken the Shabbat? What if I do so in two sittings? What if I do so over two Shabbatot?
Our mishnah teaches that what divides actions into separate prohibitions is awareness of the prohibition itself. This awareness is established by another person relating to the transgressor that s/he is transgressing.
The ruling in all three sections is nearly identical. As long as he has not been warned by others that what he is doing, drinking wine, shaving or becoming defiled, is prohibited to a nazirite, he is considered as having transgressed once. In such a case he will receive one set of lashes, the punishment for breaking any negative commandment that is not punishable by death.
However, if after taking one sip of wine, or after cutting one hair or after defiling himself once, they warn him that what he has done is prohibited and he continues to do so, he is liable for each time he transgresses. In such a case he will receive multiple sets of lashes.