Kommentar zu Menachot 9:1
שְׁתֵּי מִדּוֹת שֶׁל יָבֵשׁ הָיוּ בַמִּקְדָּשׁ, עִשָּׂרוֹן, וַחֲצִי עִשָּׂרוֹן. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, עִשָּׂרוֹן, עִשָּׂרוֹן, וַחֲצִי עִשָּׂרוֹן. עִשָּׂרוֹן מֶה הָיָה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ, שֶׁבּוֹ הָיָה מוֹדֵד לְכָל הַמְּנָחוֹת. לֹא הָיָה מוֹדֵד, לֹא בְשֶׁל שְׁלשָׁה לְפַר, וְלֹא בְשֶׁל שְׁנַיִם לְאַיִל, אֶלָּא מוֹדְדָן עֶשְׂרוֹנוֹת. חֲצִי עִשָּׂרוֹן מֶה הָיָה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ, שֶׁבּוֹ הָיָה מוֹדֵד חֲבִתֵּי כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, מֶחֱצָה בַּבֹּקֶר וּמֶחֱצָה בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם:
Im Tempel gab es zwei Maßnahmen: die Issaron [ein spezifisches Maß für das Volumen] und die Halb-Issaron . Rabbi Meir sagt: der Issaron , [ein anderer] Issaron und ein halber Issaron . Zu welchem Zweck diente die issaron- Maßnahme? Damit würde er alle Getreideangebote messen. Er würde nicht mit einem Drei- Issaron- Maß für einen Bullen oder mit einem Zwei-Issaron- Maß für einen Widder messen, sondern sie würden mit Esronot messen . Zu welchem Zweck diente die Halbemissionsmaßnahme ? Damit maß er die Bratpfannen des Hohepriesters halb morgens und halb abends.
Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
שתי מידות. עשרון עשרון וחצי עשרון (see Tractate Menahot, Chapter 9, Mishnah 5) – there were two measures of an Issaron/Omer (1/10th of an Ephah), one we measure it heaped/overflowing, that it was small and would not support anything other than an Issaron when it was heaped/overflowing, like the size/limit of its neighbor when it smooth/level. For Rabbi Meir learned it from Scripture as it is written (Numbers 28:29): “and one-tenth for each [of the seven lambs]/עשרון עשרון לכבש האחד [לשבעת הכבשים],” for there were two Issarons there, and if both of them were equivalent, it would be for them one measure. But one is smooth/level and the other is heaped/overflowing. That which is heaped/overflowing in it, he would measure for all of the meal-offerings, that which is smoothed/leveled in it, he would measure for the cakes of the High Priest, but the Sages state that there wasn’t there other than one Issaron, as it is written (Numbers 29:4): “and one-tenth for each of the seven lambsועשרון אחד לכבש האחד [לשבעת הכבשים] ,” and that this particular Issaron was smooth/level, and through it they would measure all of the meal-offerings. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
Introduction
The first five mishnayot of our chapter deal with the size of the measuring vessels used in the Temple.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
לא בשל שלשה לפר – for the meal-offerings of libations of the bull as it is written concerning it (Numbers 28:12): “[As grain offering] for each bull: three-tenths of a measure [of choice flour with oil mixed in],” (and also Numbers 28:28 – though the text does not have ושלשה עשרנים but rather (שלשה עשרנים, they would not measure them with one measure for it holds three Esronim, for there was not a measure there that was larger than an Issaron.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
There were two dry-measures in the Temple: the tenth and the half-tenth. Rabbi Meir says: a tenth, [another] tenth, and a half-tenth. When it came to measuring dry things, i.e. grain, there were two measuring vessels in the Temple, one that contained a tenth of an ephah, and one that contained half of a tenth. The remainder of the mishnah will explain what they were used for. According to Rabbi Meir, there were three dry-measures. One held a tenth when it was heaped over, and one held precisely a tenth when it was measured out evenly. The heaped over one would be used for all menahot, and the smoothed out one would be used for the griddlecakes of the high priest, which had to be divided into two halves. This was preferable for if they used the heaped over measure to split into two, some of the grain might spill out.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
אלא מודדן עשרונות each and every Issaron on its own.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
For what purpose did the tenth measure serve? By it they used to measure all the menahot. The one-tenth measuring vessel was used for all menahot.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
One did not measure with a three-tenths measure [the minhah] for a bull or with a two-tenths measure [the minhah] for a ram, rather, one measured them by all by tenths. Some menahot require more than one tenth, but there were not special measuring vessels that held three or two tenths. Rather they would just fill the one-tenth measuring vessel two or three times.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
הכי גרסינן, חצי עשרון מה היה משמש, שבו היה מודד לחביתי כהן גדול – and this is the explanation, for the baked cakes of the High Priest, he brings from his home a complete Issaron and they split it with half on half of an Issaron that is in the Temple, and he kneads each half-Issaron on its own, and makes from each half-Issaron six Hallot/loaves, which are for the two halves of the Issaron, twelve Hallot/loaves, and he bakes all of them together and afterwards he divides each Hallah/loaf in half and sacrifices twelve halves in the morning and twelve halves in the evening, but prior to his offering them, he crumbles them to olive-size piece, and doubles each crumble to two, and doesn’t separate them. But the opening of all of the rest of the meal-offerings even though their small pieces are like an olive, he doubles them into two and two into four and separates them as it is taught in the Mishnah (Tractate Menahot) chapter Six (Mishnah 4 – see also Chapter 4, Mishnah 5).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
For what purpose did the half-tenth measure serve? By it one used to measure the griddlecakes of the high priest [which was offered] half in the morning and the half towards evening. The half-tenth measure was used for the griddle-cakes of the high priest (see Menahot 4:4), half of which was offered in the morning and half in the evening.
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